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開展時(shí)間: 2025-02-11
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地點(diǎn): 巴彥淖爾市
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地點(diǎn): 廣州市
開展時(shí)間: 2025-02-25
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2024年大豆后期田間管理技術(shù)意見(jiàn)
2024-09-02
09:55:58
來(lái)源:全國(guó)農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量:19470
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導(dǎo)讀:全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心會(huì)同農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部大豆專家指導(dǎo)組,研究提出2024年大豆后期田間管理技術(shù)意見(jiàn)。
【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 當(dāng)前,大豆正處于結(jié)莢鼓粒期,為產(chǎn)量形成的關(guān)鍵期。離大面積收獲還要經(jīng)受早霜凍害、干旱澇災(zāi)、臺(tái)風(fēng)倒伏、病蟲危害等考驗(yàn)。為此,全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心會(huì)同農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部大豆專家指導(dǎo)組,研究提出2024年大豆后期田間管理技術(shù)意見(jiàn)。
增粒重促早熟
一般的地塊可施用磷酸二氫鉀水溶性肥混配釀造醋,有利于增粒重、促早熟。長(zhǎng)勢(shì)偏弱地塊,在施用噴施磷酸二氫鉀基礎(chǔ)上,可混配蕓苔素內(nèi)酯植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑、氨基酸類水溶肥料或氨基寡糖、香菇多糖等營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),增強(qiáng)大豆抗逆能力。病蟲害發(fā)生嚴(yán)重地塊,根據(jù)監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果和防治指標(biāo),選擇合適對(duì)路藥劑。霜霉病等葉部病害可選吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲環(huán)唑等藥劑;大豆菌核病可選用菌核凈、異菌脲、咯菌腈、丙環(huán)唑等藥劑;對(duì)局部蚜蟲、紅蜘蛛蟲量較高達(dá)到防治指標(biāo)的地塊,可分別用啶蟲脒(或噻蟲嗪)和阿維菌素(或噠螨靈)防治。黃淮海和長(zhǎng)江流域需加強(qiáng)點(diǎn)蜂緣蝽、煙粉虱、二條葉甲等蟲害防治,蟲口達(dá)到閾值地塊可選用噻蟲嗪或吡蟲啉可濕性粉劑田間噴霧防控。
防早霜防倒伏
東北地區(qū)需密切關(guān)注天氣變化,做好促早熟,防范早霜危害。早霜來(lái)臨前,可葉面噴施磷酸二氫鉀或抗寒制劑,土壤墑情偏差地塊要及時(shí)澆水補(bǔ)墑、以水調(diào)溫,減輕低溫影響。早霜發(fā)生時(shí),有條件的地方,可在地塊上風(fēng)口用秸稈、樹葉、雜草等作燃料造煙提高近地溫度防霜。早霜發(fā)生后,葉片受損較輕地塊可噴施蕓苔素內(nèi)酯等生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑,葉片受損嚴(yán)重地塊可割倒晾曬,促進(jìn)物質(zhì)向籽粒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),減少產(chǎn)量損失。田間有大草的可人工拔除,有利于通風(fēng)透光,促進(jìn)早熟。遇臺(tái)風(fēng)造成倒伏時(shí),要因地因情施策。倒伏嚴(yán)重的,不宜人工扶起,以免植株折斷,造成更大的產(chǎn)量損失;倒伏輕微的,可人工適當(dāng)扶起,兩行對(duì)扶,并培土施肥。
抗干旱防澇災(zāi)
做好防災(zāi)減災(zāi)預(yù)案,高度關(guān)注旱澇急轉(zhuǎn)情況的發(fā)生,積極應(yīng)對(duì)澇災(zāi)、旱災(zāi)等各種危害,切實(shí)減少災(zāi)害對(duì)大豆生產(chǎn)的影響。東北地區(qū)近期降雨頻繁、短時(shí)強(qiáng)降雨增多,對(duì)受澇地塊要及時(shí)采取挖排水溝、疏通溝渠和機(jī)械強(qiáng)排等措施,搶排積水降漬,并及時(shí)追肥,養(yǎng)根護(hù)葉。受淹地塊注意及時(shí)選擇對(duì)癥藥劑防治根腐病、菌核病等病害。長(zhǎng)江流域近期持續(xù)高溫干旱,有灌溉條件的要及時(shí)澆水降溫,減少鼓粒不良等情況發(fā)生。
適時(shí)收獲減損
當(dāng)植株葉片基本脫落、搖動(dòng)時(shí)有響鈴聲、籽粒含水量降為18%以下時(shí)進(jìn)行機(jī)械收獲。收獲時(shí)避開露水,防止籽粒粘附泥土,影響外觀品質(zhì);避開中午高溫時(shí)段,以免炸莢造成損失。建議選用大豆專用
收割機(jī)或者配備大豆專用收獲割臺(tái)的收割機(jī)收獲,以不漏莢、不丟枝為原則,盡量放低割臺(tái)。作業(yè)前要調(diào)整作業(yè)部件和參數(shù),檢查機(jī)具狀態(tài),減少故障率,提高收獲質(zhì)量和效率。
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