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【實用技術】秋冬茬設施蔬菜定植及緩苗期田間管理技術要點

2024-08-14 09:26:32 來源：鄂爾多斯市農(nóng)牧局 閱讀量：19243 評論

導讀：時下，正進入秋冬茬設施蔬菜定植期，現(xiàn)將秋冬茬設施蔬菜定植及緩苗期田間管理技術要點總結(jié)如下。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 設施蔬菜秋冬茬在秋季進行定植，可延長蔬菜供應周期，實現(xiàn)周年供應，提升種植戶經(jīng)濟效益。時下，正進入秋冬茬設施蔬菜定植期，現(xiàn)將秋冬茬設施蔬菜定植及緩苗期田間管理技術要點總結(jié)如下：
 
　　選擇健壯秧苗：
 
　　選擇苗齡適宜(番茄苗齡35~40天，4~5片葉即將現(xiàn)蕾，黃瓜苗齡25~30天，株高15cm，定植時間較晚，秧苗苗齡隨之增加)、葉色深綠葉片肥厚、莖稈粗壯，無病蟲害秧苗定植，定植時選擇晴天傍晚，定植深度以埋沒基質(zhì)為宜，果菜類定植后用表土埋窩，定植密度依茬口、品種特性、設施棚室條件、整枝方式等因素確定(茄子2400株左右/畝、番茄、黃瓜3000株左右/畝、青椒3500株左右/畝、辣椒4300株左右/畝、葉菜類油菜22000株左右/畝、芹菜27000株左右/畝)。
 
　　溫度管理：
 
　　果類菜定植后，3~5天內(nèi)不通風，如遇室外氣溫過高適當遮陰通風，棚室溫度保持在25~30℃，待緩苗后及時通風排濕，降低棚室溫濕度，預防病害發(fā)生。白天棚室溫度保持在25~28℃，適當降低夜間溫度，預防徒長，同時可促進根系下扎，形成壯苗。葉菜類秋冬茬油菜、芹菜等定植一般較晚，較耐弱光，對棚室溫度要求較低，緩苗期溫度白天控制在15~20℃，夜間8~10℃(不同葉菜種類需求有所差異)，需要做到晝夜通風，蹲好苗，預防徒長。
 
　　水分管理：
 
　　果菜類定植后立即澆足定植水，可適量添加微生物菌劑(如枯草芽孢桿菌等)，定植3~5天澆緩苗水，以利于提高定植成活率及根系下扎。澆水盡量選擇晴天上午進行。緩苗后，果菜類要少澆水，促進根系下扎，形成壯苗。葉菜類澆水以淺澆小水勤澆為主，保持地表見干見濕即可。

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