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如何提升丘陵山區(qū)農機化水平？2023全國兩會多位代表諫言獻策

2023-03-27 09:11:48 來源：農機網整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：28764 評論

導讀：從中國丘陵山區(qū)農業(yè)機械機械化發(fā)展經驗來看，目前還面臨諸多難點，如地形地貌復雜、農村勞動力流失、技術創(chuàng)新不足以及資金和政策支持不夠等。

　　【農機網 編輯視角】我國丘陵山區(qū)種植作物品種較多，農業(yè)產業(yè)規(guī)模小且分散，所需要的農業(yè)機械化技術裝備多樣，機具研發(fā)需要攻克的難題多而復雜，令不少研發(fā)機構和農機企業(yè)望而卻步，許多產業(yè)所需的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)機具“無機可用”“無好機用”問題突出。從中國丘陵山區(qū)農業(yè)機械機械化發(fā)展經驗來看，目前還面臨諸多難點，如地形地貌復雜、農村勞動力流失、技術創(chuàng)新不足以及資金和政策支持不夠等。
 
　　2023年中央一號文件提出，要加快先進農機研發(fā)推廣。加緊研發(fā)大型智能農機裝備、丘陵山區(qū)適用小型機械和園藝機械。支持北斗智能監(jiān)測終端及輔助駕駛系統(tǒng)集成應用。完善農機購置與應用補貼政策，探索與作業(yè)量掛鉤的補貼辦法，地方要履行法定支出責任。


 

　　在2023全國兩會上，全國人大代表，重慶市涪陵區(qū)委書記王志杰提出支持丘陵山區(qū)智能農機技術創(chuàng)新和產業(yè)發(fā)展的建議。
 
　　一是支持重慶建設丘陵山區(qū)農業(yè)生產用的智能農機協(xié)同創(chuàng)新平臺。重點開發(fā)具備靈巧整機架構、通用數字底盤、一體化作業(yè)機具、融合感知體系等新型模塊的智能農機裝備，以及智能光伏灌溉系統(tǒng)、智能蟲害驅離和干擾系統(tǒng)、智能環(huán)境信息采集系統(tǒng)、精準氣象預報系統(tǒng)等相關技術產品，支持重慶先行先試，探索丘陵山區(qū)智能農機研發(fā)、制造、使用、服務的成功模式并推廣到全國。支持全程無人化作業(yè)技術推廣中心等企事業(yè)單位在重慶開展基于農業(yè)全過程無人作業(yè)試驗。
 
　　二是支持重慶建設國家級丘陵山區(qū)智慧農機裝備產業(yè)集群。立足農業(yè)生產“提質、降本、增效”目標，通過建設丘陵山區(qū)智能農機協(xié)同創(chuàng)新平臺、開展丘陵山區(qū)農業(yè)全程無人化作業(yè)試驗，著力打造國家級山地丘陵智慧農機裝備研發(fā)基地、山地丘陵智慧農機裝備制造基地、山地丘陵智慧農機大市場、山地丘陵智慧農機綜合應用示范基地。
 
　　三是加大丘陵山區(qū)智能農機產品研發(fā)、推廣、應用的政策和專項資金支持。創(chuàng)新金融支持政策，重點支持丘陵山區(qū)適用農機、農具和智能化技術產品的推廣應用。
 
　　2023全國兩會期間， 全國人大代表、好醫(yī)生藥業(yè)集團董事長耿福能表示，全面推進鄉(xiāng)村振興是新時代建設農業(yè)強國的重要任務。對此，他提出三大建議：
 
　　強化科技支撐，加大對重點產業(yè)的科研投入，建設“地方+基地(園區(qū))+企業(yè)+院校”科研聯(lián)盟，助推鄉(xiāng)村振興跨越發(fā)展；培養(yǎng)壯大農村鄉(xiāng)土人才隊伍，其中，還提出研發(fā)更具針對性的智慧農業(yè)機械，發(fā)展具有山區(qū)丘陵特色的農業(yè)機械化產業(yè)。
 
　　他表示，應以特色優(yōu)勢產業(yè)為主體，充分發(fā)揮農村各地資源優(yōu)勢，合理布局“一縣一品”，建立星級產業(yè)園區(qū)，帶動一二三產業(yè)融合發(fā)展。同時，科技應用應該放在更加突出的位置。為此，他建議相關部門研發(fā)更具針對性的智慧農業(yè)機械，支持脫貧地區(qū)高端智能、丘陵山區(qū)農機裝備的研發(fā)制造和推廣運用。以中藥材種植為例，研發(fā)有針對某類藥材的專用農業(yè)機械，提高精細化作業(yè)效率；開展農機機械作業(yè)補貼，加大購置補貼力度，提高農業(yè)質量效益和競爭力；在具備條件的特色基地和示范產業(yè)園大力推廣信息數字技術，完善農業(yè)信息技術標準和服務體系，強化知識產權保護，靈活政策優(yōu)惠機制，以點帶面，輻射帶動廣大鄉(xiāng)村廣泛應用數字技術。
 
　　在2023全國兩會上，全國政協(xié)委員、六盤水市鐘山區(qū)大灣鎮(zhèn)黨委書記楊松提交了一份關于《提升山地農業(yè)機械化水平的建議》的提案。
 
　　他建議加大對山地型適用農機的研發(fā)。他希望由農業(yè)農村部和教育部牽頭，鼓勵高校和科研院所開展山地農業(yè)機械研發(fā)，針對山地地形，研發(fā)小型化、省力型、多功能的山地農業(yè)機械。同時，也需要考慮注重實用性、安全性、環(huán)保性等方面，在研發(fā)中廣泛運用新能源技術。
 
　　強化政策扶持，提高補貼標準
 
　　中國政府一直致力于加強農業(yè)機械化建設和推廣，丘陵山區(qū)是政府農業(yè)機械化重點推廣區(qū)域之一，中國政府通過多種方式支持農機化發(fā)展，如財政補貼、稅收優(yōu)惠等，為丘陵山區(qū)農業(yè)機械化的推廣提供了政策保障。近年來，農業(yè)農村部會同有關部門認真貫徹黨中央、國務院有關決策部署，積極推進丘陵山區(qū)特色農機具研發(fā)推廣，取得了明顯成效。
 
　　2021年，會同財政部印發(fā)《2021—2023年農機購置補貼實施指導意見》，啟動實施新一輪農機購置與應用補貼政策，將果樹修剪機、果園作業(yè)平臺、茶葉殺青機等丘陵山區(qū)特色產業(yè)所需機具納入全國補貼機具種類范圍。明確丘陵山區(qū)省份可重點圍繞糧食生產薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和特色農業(yè)生產亟需機具，將部分機具補貼額測算比例由30%提高至35%。
 
　　2022年，會同財政部選擇部分丘陵山區(qū)較多的省份，開展農機研發(fā)制造推廣應用一體化試點。支持當地探索從研發(fā)到應用一體化推進的方法、路徑和措施。同時，加快推進丘陵山區(qū)適用小型機械推廣應用先導區(qū)建設。
 
　　當前，隨著新一代信息技術的快速發(fā)展，一些丘陵山區(qū)的企業(yè)也開始加大對智能制造、自動化技術的研發(fā)和應用，以提高企業(yè)的生產效率和競爭力。
 
　　注：本文由農機網(m.balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：農業(yè)農村部、人民網、川商傳媒。

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