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2020年糖料蔗秋季生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見

2020-10-21 08:34:51 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導(dǎo)組 閱讀量：13893 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：2020年我國(guó)南方地區(qū)降雨量偏多，部分地區(qū)發(fā)生洪澇災(zāi)害，造成土質(zhì)疏松，糖料蔗容易倒伏；同時(shí)，雨熱交替導(dǎo)致病蟲容易發(fā)生為害，給糖料蔗生長(zhǎng)和田間管理帶來較大困難。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 2020年我國(guó)南方地區(qū)降雨量偏多，部分地區(qū)發(fā)生洪澇災(zāi)害，造成土質(zhì)疏松，糖料蔗容易倒伏；同時(shí)，雨熱交替導(dǎo)致病蟲容易發(fā)生為害，給糖料蔗生長(zhǎng)和田間管理帶來較大困難。為做好糖料蔗秋季生產(chǎn)管理工作，全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心會(huì)同農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導(dǎo)組，研究制定了《2020年糖料蔗秋季生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導(dǎo)意見》。
 
　　一、注意田間排澇，防止長(zhǎng)期漬水
 
　　秋季降雨量多，要注意田間排澇，可在蔗田外圍開挖排水溝，以降低地下水位。在容易受澇的蔗田，要根據(jù)地形條件，開挖“十”字形、“豐”字形或“井”字形排澇溝，將水排到蔗田外。
 
　　二、做好防風(fēng)減災(zāi)，防止甘蔗倒伏
 
　　糖料蔗生長(zhǎng)后期如遇連續(xù)降雨或臺(tái)風(fēng)，容易成片倒伏，要及時(shí)捆蔗扶正，在植株三分之二高處，用繩子或枯葉將兩行糖料蔗捆成“人”字形，或?qū)⑾噜彽膸字晏橇险崂Τ梢皇?，使其保持直立狀態(tài)。扶正的植株恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)15天后，再解開捆綁物。
 
　　三、及時(shí)剝除枯葉，改善田間通風(fēng)透光條件
 
　　要及時(shí)剝除枯葉，以改善田間通風(fēng)透光條件，減少病蟲害發(fā)生。每條莖保留9-10片新葉為宜。對(duì)田間濕度大、長(zhǎng)勢(shì)郁蔽和病蟲害嚴(yán)重的蔗田要多剝，剝下的枯葉要帶出蔗田集中燒毀。
 
　　四、科學(xué)選用農(nóng)藥，及時(shí)防治甘蔗病蟲害
 
　　糖料蔗生長(zhǎng)后期高溫多濕，多種病蟲害易混合發(fā)生。棉蚜一般9-10月危害猖獗，要及時(shí)消滅蔗田中的發(fā)蟲中心，可選用70%噻蟲嗪可分散粉劑、10%吡蟲啉可濕性粉劑或25%抗蚜威水分散粒劑1500-2000倍液噴霧。防治梢腐病、褐條病、銹病等病害，首先要加強(qiáng)田間水肥管理，搞好排灌系統(tǒng)，防止積水，降低田間濕度；在發(fā)病嚴(yán)重的蔗田，可采用75%百菌清可濕性粉劑、50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑進(jìn)行葉面噴施，7-10天噴1次，連噴2次，可有效控制病害擴(kuò)展蔓延。
 
　　五、把握好收獲時(shí)機(jī)，適時(shí)收獲
 
　　糖料蔗進(jìn)入生長(zhǎng)后期，葉色由青綠轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭蔹S，青葉片數(shù)逐漸減少，枯葉片數(shù)由上而下逐漸增加，此時(shí)糖料蔗已經(jīng)成熟。收獲要以“先熟先收砍，晚熟晚收砍”為原則，先收早熟品種，再收中熟品種，后收晚熟品種。對(duì)留養(yǎng)宿根的蔗田，在“大寒”過后收砍較為適宜，有利于蔗芽萌發(fā)出土。條件具備的蔗田提倡進(jìn)行機(jī)械收割；人工收砍要采用鋒利的小鋤，入土5厘米進(jìn)行快鋤低砍，以降低宿根發(fā)芽部位、減少蔗樁破裂。

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