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我國甘蔗收獲機(jī)械行業(yè)或迎來發(fā)展“黃金期”

2018-09-04 08:34:21 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：47439 評論

導(dǎo)讀：中國是食糖消費(fèi)大國，我國食糖總產(chǎn)量僅次于巴西和印度，其中蔗糖是我國食糖的主要來源，占食糖總量的92%以上。甘蔗作為重要的糖料作物和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，主產(chǎn)區(qū)主要集中在廣西、云南等西南部邊境地區(qū)，是當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民脫貧致富的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場行情】 中國是食糖消費(fèi)大國，我國食糖總產(chǎn)量僅次于巴西和印度，其中蔗糖是我國食糖的主要來源，占食糖總量的92%以上。甘蔗作為重要的糖料作物和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，主產(chǎn)區(qū)主要集中在廣西、云南等西南部邊境地區(qū)，是當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民脫貧致富的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。
 
　　我國甘蔗機(jī)械化發(fā)展進(jìn)入快車道
 
　　盡管我國食糖總產(chǎn)位居*三，但多年來我國甘蔗進(jìn)口量一直很高，由于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落后、機(jī)械化程度低、品種單一、經(jīng)營分散、人工成本較高等因素，中國甘蔗產(chǎn)業(yè)整體處于較低迷的狀態(tài)。因此，提高甘蔗生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化水平對于提高當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民收入、提高我國糖業(yè)競爭力都具有十分重要的意義。

 
　　2017年底，國家發(fā)改委制定了《增強(qiáng)制造業(yè)核心競爭力三年行動計劃(2018—2020年)》(發(fā)改產(chǎn)業(yè)〔2017〕2000號)實施方案，方案對未來三年的農(nóng)機(jī)裝備技術(shù)水平和核心競爭力的提升進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)明確的部署。在四項重點工程中，甘蔗收獲機(jī)示范工程占據(jù)一席，這與目前國家正在強(qiáng)力推進(jìn)的蔗糖產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級相契合，更是對2017年7月份四部委出臺的《推進(jìn)廣西甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化行動方案(2017—2020年)》的呼應(yīng)，足見甘蔗收獲機(jī)在甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化中的短板亟需破解。
 
　　在今年4月份農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)的《2018年推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化全程全面發(fā)展重點技術(shù)推廣行動方案》中也提到了在蔗糖主產(chǎn)區(qū)實施甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化技術(shù)試驗示范項目，開展甘蔗生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝技術(shù)融合研究，舉辦甘蔗機(jī)械化的現(xiàn)場演示、展示及交流研討活動。國家持續(xù)關(guān)注甘蔗生產(chǎn)問題，我國甘蔗機(jī)械化發(fā)展將進(jìn)入快車道。
 
　　據(jù)了解，甘蔗收獲環(huán)節(jié)是甘蔗生產(chǎn)過程中勞動強(qiáng)度大、費(fèi)工費(fèi)時多、成本高的作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)，而采用甘蔗收獲機(jī)械化技術(shù)可以大幅度減輕勞動強(qiáng)度，節(jié)省勞動力，提高工效，降低生產(chǎn)成本。據(jù)測算，1臺甘蔗聯(lián)合收割機(jī)配套2臺田間收集機(jī)，正常情況下每天可收獲甘蔗100噸以上，可提高工效40倍以上，按機(jī)收甘蔗95元/噸與人工砍收+機(jī)械裝載135元/噸(按人工每天收0.8噸，機(jī)械裝載15元/噸計算)對比，可節(jié)約成本40元/噸，畝產(chǎn)甘蔗8噸可節(jié)約收獲成本320元/畝。
 
　　發(fā)展問題主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面？
 
　　雖然，近年來我國甘蔗生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化推進(jìn)工作取得了明顯進(jìn)展，但在甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化進(jìn)程中還存在著不可忽視的問題，主要體現(xiàn)在以下兩點：
 
　　由于我國70%以上的甘蔗種植在坡地和丘陵地帶，蔗地不規(guī)則、坡度大、機(jī)耕道路不完善、種植行距不一等，不適應(yīng)甘蔗收獲機(jī)械化作業(yè)的要求；另外，由于傳統(tǒng)的小戶經(jīng)營模式，甘蔗種植規(guī)模小且一地多戶，種植規(guī)?；潭鹊停贿m應(yīng)大型收獲機(jī)械進(jìn)行規(guī)?；鳂I(yè)。
 
　　除此之外，我國甘蔗收獲機(jī)械裝備制造水平有待提高，部分收獲機(jī)產(chǎn)品投放市場時間較短，性能仍不能完全滿足丘陵坡地、雨季收獲等多樣化需求，有待通過實際檢驗進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)優(yōu)化；另外機(jī)具產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不完善、缺少大型機(jī)具試驗檢測基地等原因，影響了新產(chǎn)品試驗驗證和企業(yè)研發(fā)創(chuàng)新。
 
　　因此，推進(jìn)甘蔗生產(chǎn)地土地規(guī)?；?jīng)營從而實現(xiàn)甘蔗規(guī)模化種植、加快甘蔗收獲機(jī)械研制改進(jìn)并大力推廣是當(dāng)前推進(jìn)甘蔗生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化的重點問題；另外，在農(nóng)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼方面，可適當(dāng)鼓勵對甘蔗種植、收獲等關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)機(jī)具實行敞開補(bǔ)貼，給予重點支持。我國甘蔗生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化將迎來加速時代，相應(yīng)的甘蔗生產(chǎn)機(jī)械也必將迎來發(fā)展“黃金期”。

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