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農(nóng)業(yè)遭遇“莫蘭蒂” 災(zāi)情防范面面觀

2016-09-20 08:48:14 來源：中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 閱讀量：17111 評論

導(dǎo)讀：今年我國災(zāi)害性天氣頻發(fā)，暴雨、臺風(fēng)接二連三，給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)帶來毀滅性的災(zāi)難。就在剛剛過去的這個中秋小長假中，很多人都感受到了臺風(fēng)“莫蘭蒂”的肆虐，別說賞月了，連出門都困難，許多受災(zāi)區(qū)的農(nóng)民只能眼睜睜看著農(nóng)作物被淹沒，卻毫無辦法。

　　【中國農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 行業(yè)要聞】今年我國災(zāi)害性天氣頻發(fā)，暴雨、臺風(fēng)接二連三，給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)帶來毀滅性的災(zāi)難。就在剛剛過去的這個中秋小長假中，很多人都感受到了臺風(fēng)“莫蘭蒂”的肆虐，別說賞月了，連出門都困難，許多受災(zāi)區(qū)的農(nóng)民只能眼睜睜看著農(nóng)作物被淹沒，卻毫無辦法。
　　
　　農(nóng)業(yè)遭遇“莫蘭蒂” 災(zāi)情防范面面觀

        “莫蘭蒂”攜手“馬勒卡” 農(nóng)業(yè)遭重創(chuàng)
　　
　　說到臺風(fēng)，那中國臺灣就是一個不得不提的地方了，每年中國臺灣因臺風(fēng)造成的損失不計其數(shù)，這次“莫蘭蒂”強(qiáng)勢而來，中國臺灣依舊難逃肆虐。據(jù)中國臺灣《聯(lián)合晚報》報道，莫蘭蒂肆虐高雄，造成高雄市燕巢、大社等番石榴、棗子主要產(chǎn)區(qū)嚴(yán)重落果、折枝，溫網(wǎng)室設(shè)施毀損嚴(yán)重。經(jīng)高雄市農(nóng)業(yè)局初步估計，全市農(nóng)產(chǎn)損失金額高達(dá)4.6億元(新臺幣)。截至17日中午為止，莫蘭蒂臺風(fēng)造成全臺農(nóng)損逼近8億。
　　
　　這次兩大臺風(fēng)像是約好了似的，“莫蘭蒂”剛過，“馬勒卡”又接踵而來，給尚未得到喘息的農(nóng)業(yè)帶來再一次傷害。樂清市正好遭受了這雙臺風(fēng)的襲擊，據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計，臺風(fēng)給樂清造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失約9000多萬元，其中農(nóng)業(yè)損失為慘重，總計5900多萬元。
　　
　　看著一串串的損失數(shù)據(jù)是令人揪心，對許多農(nóng)民而言這一年的收成或許就毀在這無情的臺風(fēng)中了。那么，面對突如其來的災(zāi)害性天氣，怎樣做才能使損失降低到小呢？
　　
　　提高預(yù)防意識 健全農(nóng)業(yè)保險體系
　　
　　災(zāi)害性天氣往往帶有突發(fā)性，就拿臺風(fēng)來說，臺風(fēng)的到來雖有天氣預(yù)報提前告知和預(yù)測路徑，但是對于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)來說還是相對突然了。農(nóng)作物的生長是一個很漫長的過程，往往要以月來計算，而臺風(fēng)的出現(xiàn)不可能那么早預(yù)知，一旦臺風(fēng)到來，家里可以關(guān)窗關(guān)門，船舶可以不出海，但是種下去的種子卻收不回來了，所以對于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)來說，提前預(yù)防非常有必要。
　　
　　農(nóng)業(yè)抗風(fēng)險能力差，農(nóng)業(yè)保險就給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)留了后路。近年來，我國一直在積極推廣政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險，力爭為農(nóng)戶撐起保護(hù)傘。但是，就我國目前的農(nóng)業(yè)保險而言，由于受災(zāi)認(rèn)定難、賠付標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低、保險品種單一等缺點，在具體推行過程中面臨重重障礙，如何調(diào)整和制定更為完善的政策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。
　　
　　臺風(fēng)等自然災(zāi)害每年都在發(fā)生，讓農(nóng)業(yè)保險運行起來，并形成良性循環(huán)刻不容緩。而在這個過程中，需要各級政府的財政補(bǔ)貼、需要保險公司險種的研發(fā)和基層人員的銜接，需要農(nóng)民投保意識的提升，需要多方面共同的努力，形成健全的農(nóng)業(yè)保險體系。
　　
　　除了等待保險理賠 挽救農(nóng)業(yè)損失還能做什么？
　　
　　讓烘干機(jī)給糧食脫脫水
　　
　　臺風(fēng)常常帶來強(qiáng)降雨，許多農(nóng)作物都浸了水，特別像眼下這種收獲時節(jié)，糧食遇了水不是發(fā)芽就是發(fā)霉，有了烘干機(jī)的幫忙，可在短時間內(nèi)保證糧食干燥，減少一部分的糧食損失。所以加快糧食烘干設(shè)備建設(shè)是利民惠農(nóng)的重要途徑。
　　
　　讓農(nóng)業(yè)實施機(jī)械化復(fù)產(chǎn)
　　
　　農(nóng)作物被毀，除了嘆息更多的是要挽救。很多農(nóng)作物在被淹之后或許還能搶抓時間再種一季，機(jī)械化播種能將這段復(fù)產(chǎn)時間大大縮短，提高生產(chǎn)效率。在修復(fù)水毀農(nóng)田的時候，可利用農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械迅速搶排農(nóng)田積水，讓農(nóng)田盡早恢復(fù)到可種植狀態(tài)。
　　
　　加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)
　　
　　臺風(fēng)所帶來的降水是一時間的驟降，所以很容易產(chǎn)生內(nèi)澇，水一下子排不出去，自然會被淹沒。所以在農(nóng)田建設(shè)時要做好水利工程，保障排灌暢通，建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田。
　　
　　我國是一個農(nóng)業(yè)大國，又是世界上農(nóng)業(yè)災(zāi)害較為嚴(yán)重的國家之一。近十年來，我國平均每年約有3億畝農(nóng)作物受災(zāi)，給人們造成極大損失，不少農(nóng)民因災(zāi)致貧。所以面對臺風(fēng)等自然災(zāi)害我們要有防范意識，提前給農(nóng)作物上道保險，同時當(dāng)災(zāi)難來臨時運用一切資源降低損失，推動農(nóng)業(yè)健康發(fā)展。

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