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2024年甜菜后期生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導意見

2024-08-30 08:41:51 來源：全國農(nóng)技中心 閱讀量：14850 評論

導讀：為做好后期生產(chǎn)管理，確保今年甜菜豐產(chǎn)豐收，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導組，根據(jù)甜菜產(chǎn)區(qū)氣候條件和生產(chǎn)特點，研究提出2024年甜菜后期生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導意見。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 當前，甜菜生長已進入塊根及糖分增長期，是產(chǎn)量形成及糖分積累的關(guān)鍵時期。為做好后期生產(chǎn)管理，確保今年甜菜豐產(chǎn)豐收，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部種植業(yè)管理司會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務中心、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部糖料專家指導組，根據(jù)甜菜產(chǎn)區(qū)氣候條件和生產(chǎn)特點，研究提出2024年甜菜后期生產(chǎn)技術(shù)指導意見。
 
　　加強田間管理
 
　　（一）調(diào)控水肥。甜菜生長后期嚴禁施用氮肥，控制地上部生長，促進地上部有機物向塊根運輸，可適當噴施高效增糖劑1—2次，提高塊根含糖率及加工品質(zhì)。收獲前20天嚴禁澆水，如后期灌水過多，會導致塊根含糖率降低、品質(zhì)下降，嚴重時易造成塊根腐爛。
 
　　（二）保護功能葉片。甜菜功能葉片數(shù)量直接影響塊根產(chǎn)量和含糖率，生長中后期要嚴格保護功能葉片，避免人為損傷，延長葉片壽命。
 
　　（三）及時回收滴灌帶及殘膜。及時回收田間滴灌主管、毛管和殘膜，以減少污染，保障耕地質(zhì)量。
 
　　加強病蟲害防控
 
　　（一）防治褐斑病。褐斑病是甜菜的主要病害之一，生產(chǎn)上普遍發(fā)生，高溫高濕條件有利于褐斑病流行，需提早預防。當田間病株率達到5%以上時開始施藥防治，可選用苯醚甲環(huán)唑、吡唑醚菌酯、多菌靈等藥劑水溶液噴施，也可用吡唑醚菌酯(每畝用藥量減半)+氯溴異氰尿酸可溶粉劑進行防控。
 
　　（二）防治白粉病。甜菜白粉病發(fā)生和流行與氣象條件關(guān)系密切，高溫炎熱天氣利于病勢擴展。發(fā)病后需及時防控，可選用甲基硫菌靈懸浮劑等進行防控，一般防治2次即可。
 
　　（三）防治蟲害。甜菜生長后期的蟲害主要是蚜蟲、甘藍夜蛾等。蚜蟲可選用吡蟲啉、氟啶蟲胺腈等進行防治，兼防盲蝽蟓、煙粉虱等蟲害。發(fā)生甘藍夜蛾危害時，使用一般殺蟲藥劑均有較好防控效果。
 
　　做好收獲貯藏
 
　　（一）做好機械檢修和維護。及時對甜菜收獲機械進行檢修、保養(yǎng)和維護，購置易損件，避免因機械故障影響甜菜收獲進度。
 
　　（二）適時收獲。甜菜收獲期一般在9月底至10月底，要密切關(guān)注天氣變化和霜凍時間，集中人力物力機械及時起收，防止塊根受凍成為凍化菜，造成產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)下降。
 
　　（三）做好染病塊根處理。發(fā)生根腐病和叢根病的地塊，收獲過程中將腐爛的塊根和感染叢根病的塊根進行集中清理和深埋處理，以減輕菌源數(shù)量，降低甜菜貯藏中的腐爛損失及加工過程中的工藝損耗。
 
　　（四）做好貯藏。甜菜起收后應及時交售，不能及時交售的應注意覆蓋保藏，減少損失。甜菜堆垛要通風透氣，防止霉變腐爛。避免凍化菜及破損菜入垛。

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