今日要聞

2024年夏花生生產(chǎn)技術意見

2024-05-30 09:37:19 來源：全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣服務中心 閱讀量：15263 評論

導讀：針對當前氣象條件和花生生產(chǎn)特點，全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣服務中心會同農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部花生專家指導組研究提出2024年夏花生生產(chǎn)技術指導意見。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 我國夏花生主要分布在黃淮海地區(qū)及長江流域北部，主要包括麥后直播和麥田套種兩類種植模式。針對當前氣象條件和花生生產(chǎn)特點，全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術推廣服務中心會同農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部花生專家指導組研究提出2024年夏花生生產(chǎn)技術指導意見。
 
　　輪作倒茬  精細整地
 
　　花生連作會產(chǎn)生病蟲害加重等連作障礙，導致產(chǎn)量和品質下降。提倡花生與玉米、水稻等糧食作物輪作。麥后直播花生要做好麥收后滅茬、深耕細耙等工作，防止麥茬導致花生種子懸空影響出苗；推薦采用播種施肥起壟一體化機械起壟播種。麥套花生和麥收后鐵茬播種的田塊，封壟前要做好滅茬深松，保證土壤的通透性，有利于高產(chǎn)。
 
　　精選良種  種子處理
 
　　根據(jù)生態(tài)條件、種植模式及市場需求選用優(yōu)質高產(chǎn)、抗病性好、適合機械收獲的中早熟花生品種，因地制宜選用高油酸品種。麥后直播花生宜選用生育期在110天以內的早熟品種，麥套花生宜選用生育期在125天以內的中早熟品種。做好曬種和分級精選，確?；ㄉN子飽滿、均勻、活力強。根腐病、莖腐病、冠腐病、白絹病危害嚴重的地塊，可采用吡唑醚菌酯+甲基硫菌靈+噻呋酰胺或咯菌腈+精甲霜靈+噻呋酰胺為主要成份的花生種衣劑包衣。花生蚜蟲、蠐螬等發(fā)生嚴重田塊，可采用噻蟲嗪、噻蟲胺為主要成份的種子處理懸浮劑進行拌種。
 
　　適時早播  合理密植
 
　　麥后直播花生可采用“干播濕出”方法搶時早播，播種時間一般不晚于6月20日；麥套花生一般在麥收前15—20天播種。播種適宜的土壤水分含量為田間最大持水量的70%左右，墑情不足的地塊要造墑播種。麥套花生雙粒播種密度10000—11000穴/畝，單粒精播密度14000—15000株/畝；麥后直播花生雙粒播種密度12000—14000穴/畝，單粒精播密度16000—18000株/畝。播種深度控制在3—5厘米，墑好宜淺，墑差宜深。
 
　　科學施肥  適時灌溉
 
　　施肥以基肥為主，追肥為輔；追肥應以苗肥為主，花肥、壯果肥為輔；提倡平衡施肥，巧施功能肥。麥套花生結合中耕每畝追施尿素或復合肥15公斤左右、過磷酸鈣30—50公斤；麥后直播花生整地時施足底肥，一般畝施花生專用肥40—50公斤。視土壤豐缺狀況施用鈣、硫、鋅等中微量元素，針對不同缺素的地塊，每畝可分別施用鈣肥(CaO)8—10公斤、硫肥2—4公斤、鋅肥1—2公斤。有條件地區(qū)可畝加施ARC菌劑3公斤。后期長勢弱的田塊，可噴灑0.2%—0.3%的磷酸二氫鉀等葉面肥，防病防早衰?；ㄡ樒诤徒Y莢期(7月中下旬至8月中下旬)是花生生長發(fā)育需水的臨界期，遇旱應及時灌溉。同時，保持田間“三溝”相通，排水防漬，減少對產(chǎn)量和品質影響。
 
　　綠色防治  合理控旺
 
　　草害防控。播后苗前封閉除草通常選用乙草胺、異丙甲草胺和精異丙甲草胺等藥劑。禾本科雜草發(fā)生嚴重的地塊，花生出苗后噴施精喹禾靈、烯草酮、精吡氟禾草靈；闊葉雜草和禾本科雜草混合發(fā)生較重的地塊，可噴施精喹禾靈+乙羧氟草醚等。蟲害防控。提倡采用殺蟲頻振燈、色板、性誘劑、食誘劑等誘殺害蟲，降低蟲源基數(shù)。在田間病害發(fā)生初期，及時噴施適宜的殺蟲劑、殺菌劑等進行防治?？蓢娛┌⒕S菌素防治紅蜘蛛；苗期可噴施噻蟲胺、噻蟲嗪等新煙堿類農(nóng)藥防治薊馬、粉虱、蚜蟲等蟲害；防治棉鈴蟲、斜紋夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜紋夜蛾、造橋蟲等，宜在害蟲3齡之前葉面噴施溴氰菊酯、氯蟲苯甲酰胺等。病害防控。葉斑病可選用苯甲·嘧菌酯、烯唑醇等殺菌劑進行葉面噴施；根腐、莖腐和冠腐病可選用四霉素、嘧菌酯等殺菌劑進行苗期噴施，果腐病可在膨果期使用四霉素進行滴灌；白絹病可選用噻呋·戊唑醇、噻呋·吡唑酯、噻呋酰胺、氟酰胺等殺菌劑在苗期、中后期進行基部噴施。合理控旺。花生株高30厘米左右時，對有旺長趨勢的田塊及時噴施烯效唑、調環(huán)酸鈣等植物生長調節(jié)劑控旺防倒。
 
　　適期收獲  安全儲藏
 
　　中低產(chǎn)田花生在生長后期及時噴施蕓樂收，預防早衰。若早衰嚴重，應及時收獲，避免發(fā)芽、落果和黃曲霉毒素污染。當大部分花生莢果飽滿成熟(小果品種飽果率75%以上，大果品種飽果率65%以上)或氣溫降至15℃以下時，趁晴好天氣及時收獲并盡快晾曬或烘干干燥。莢果含水量降至10%以下后精選入庫，倉庫應控制貯藏溫濕度條件，防治貯藏害蟲，降低黃曲霉毒素污染發(fā)生風險。為提高花生品質品相，應盡量做到分品種專收專儲。

上一篇： 全國農(nóng)技中心舉辦2024年大豆單產(chǎn)提升工程培訓班

下一篇：2024年農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部蔬菜中藥材專家指導組工作會議在浙江衢州召開

我要評論
文明上網(wǎng)，理性發(fā)言。（您還可以輸入200個字符)

所有評論僅代表網(wǎng)友意見，與本站立場無關。

產(chǎn)品推薦 更多

[{"ID":"3129774","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c7321bf95b061458a711ac8b1e373f64dacba599c8bdd0e5cbcb22858ba4872cc3b1.png","PictureDomain":"img56","Name":"國產(chǎn)金鳳液氮罐報價","Type":"YDS-16","Descrip":"我司銷售金鳳液氮罐已經(jīng)有多年歷史，金鳳液氮罐自2010年被美國MVE-chart/查特收購，現(xiàn)金鳳液氮罐均采用美國MVE-Chart生產(chǎn)線生產(chǎn)，通過持續(xù)的技術創(chuàng)新及市場拓展，公司現(xiàn)已成為發(fā)展*化的企業(yè)，我們將不斷超越自我，一如既往的為客戶創(chuàng)造價值，提供更好的產(chǎn)品和服務。該系列產(chǎn)品容積適中，為需要在靜態(tài)條件下，室內長期貯存生物樣品或者液氮的用戶提供選擇。具有靜態(tài)液氮日蒸發(fā)率低、使用經(jīng)濟的優(yōu)點。","CompanyName":"上海坤肯生物化工有限公司","CompanyID":"140316","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"74","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557467","StandUrl":"/st140316","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 0:27:09","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103129774","UserID":"153306","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1936100","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"王淵","TelPhone":"4008-502-505/021-56382145","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"液氮罐，移液器，酶標儀，滅菌器","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"6753","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/8/31 16:16:43","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13816927086"},{"ID":"2720744","Picture":"5646a23e59c232710632fabbf460a79e537fc00e09348ee10a91d2bfe1033f004b66633e1e8cf5ec.jpg","PictureDomain":"img65","Name":"液晶顯示仿真測試儀特點","Type":"","Descrip":"便攜式綜合校驗仿真測試儀，采用16位單片機作為CPU，集較新規(guī)模數(shù)字轉換集成電路和大屏幕液晶顯示技術一體，具有輸出、測量、手冊和24VDC配電功能，且四項功能可同時工作，并配備超大容量可充電電池供電，攜帶方便，是熱工儀表行業(yè)人員在現(xiàn)場檢修、調試的配置。","CompanyName":"安徽京控自動化儀表有限公司","CompanyID":"129236","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"119","City":"滁州市","Address":"滁州市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"150","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557466","StandUrl":"/st129236","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 0:26:30","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102720744","UserID":"142225","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1680376","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"陳璐","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"熱電阻、熱電偶、雙金屬溫度計，溫度變送器，壓力表，壓力/差壓變送器，磁翻板液位計，雷達液位計，電磁流量計，渦輪流量計，孔板流量計","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"28619","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2023/2/24 4:14:53","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15056510000"},{"ID":"2888745","Picture":"mt0002/1ef287ee8bdc4a020ae2b611e4511ba8c3f6a1c2d6907f5c46ef3b1b85b344d744498d3e30d7b755.jpg","PictureDomain":"img66","Name":"工業(yè)鼓風干燥箱","Type":"","Descrip":"電子鼓風干燥箱，用于測試和確定電工、電子及其他產(chǎn)品及材料進行高溫試驗的溫度環(huán)境變化后的參數(shù)及性能。","CompanyName":"東莞市豪恩檢測儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"133624","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"229","City":"東莞市","Address":"東莞市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"61","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557458","StandUrl":"/st133624","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 0:18:42","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"102888745","UserID":"146614","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1799232","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"李小姐","TelPhone":"0769-89775458","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"高低溫試驗箱，恒溫恒濕箱，鹽霧試驗箱，冷熱沖擊試驗箱，日曬氣候色牢度試驗機，平板電腦點擊劃線試驗機，全自動插拔力測試儀，紫外老化試驗箱，真空干燥箱，淋雨試驗箱，沙塵試驗箱， 紙箱抗壓試驗機，塑膠熔融指數(shù)儀，包裝檢測設備","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"14838","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/1/15 0:37:23","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13631787342,15899943952"},{"ID":"3151576","Picture":"74a34d6b99a3c7321bf95b061458a711939aa9ecda366de47f9db0b1fb945501b76640e8c9fe3c2b.png","PictureDomain":"img51","Name":"水質檢測揮發(fā)酚陰離子全自動液液萃取儀瓶規(guī)格可選","Type":" CYZDCQ-6","Descrip":"川一全自動液液萃取儀水質檢測揮發(fā)酚陰離子 CYZDCQ-6全自動液液萃取儀采用新封閉式潔凈空氣內循環(huán)震蕩原理，雙向氣液混合技術，用于實驗室水質檢測水中油、揮發(fā)酚、陰離子等項目的液液萃取前處理，設備通過大液晶觸摸屏顯示和設置多項萃取參數(shù)以滿足不同樣品的萃取要求，實驗過程無需人工看管，設備實現(xiàn)自動萃取，自動放氣，自動收集，自動排液，自動清洗等功能.","CompanyName":"杭州川一實驗儀器有限公司","CompanyID":"130441","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"99","City":"杭州市","Address":"杭州市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"80","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557458","StandUrl":"/st130441","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 0:18:21","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103151576","UserID":"143430","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1938765","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"倪經(jīng)理","TelPhone":"","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"低溫恒溫槽、血液融漿機、氮吹儀、小型噴霧干燥機","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"14620","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/9/29 3:58:31","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"19032291360"},{"ID":"3180379","Picture":"mt0001/66938c6656abd2c1c565850d1413527c88a701bb2f1b03d81a05d4e90c305e88e6d17a978dea16db.jpg","PictureDomain":"img61","Name":"步入式恒溫恒濕試驗箱多少錢","Type":"JW-2208DC","Descrip":"步入式恒溫恒濕試驗箱JW-2208DC1.內箱尺寸：W2000X H2000X D2000mm2.外型尺寸：約W3500X H2400X D2400mm （不含循環(huán)風機）3.溫度均勻度：+2～-3％（＞75％RH）±5％（≤75％RH）","CompanyName":"上海巨為儀器設備有限公司","CompanyID":"141143","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"3","City":"上海市","Address":"上海市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"40","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557455","StandUrl":"/st141143","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 0:15:29","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103180379","UserID":"154133","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1965587","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"徐小姐","TelPhone":"021-51079850/67290177","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"步入式恒溫恒濕試驗室廠家、步入式恒溫恒濕試驗室價格、步入式恒溫恒濕老化房、步入式高低溫交變濕熱試驗室、步入式恒溫恒濕室定做","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"3114","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/11/6 18:04:49","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"15801714646"},{"ID":"3144859","Picture":"mt0001/91acbec15a63dbc920e27b3c4e6ff644aed089bc57aa603dd29999219b30c1548c17a97cc2ee56ca.png","PictureDomain":"img69","Name":"防爆型旋轉蒸發(fā)器多少錢","Type":"RE-5000","Descrip":"采用旋轉蒸發(fā)瓶（燒瓶），增大蒸發(fā)面積在減壓下置于水浴中一邊旋轉，一邊加熱的裝置，使瓶內溶液擴散蒸發(fā)。負壓條件下旋轉形成薄膜，同時再蒸出溶媒冷凝回收?？捎糜跐饪s，干燥，結晶，分離，回收等實驗。","CompanyName":"北京瑞成偉業(yè)儀器設備有限公司","CompanyID":"140372","MarketPrice":"0","PsOrder":"0","PgID":"110","MaxOrder":"0","CityID":"1","City":"北京市","Address":"北京市","PropertysValue":"","HitNumber":"93","FrontShow":"0","IsCharges":"1","Year":"1","StarNum":"1","UpdateAndClientSort":"51557454","StandUrl":"/st140372","UpdateTime":"2024/12/22 0:14:55","TodayIsUpdate":"1","AttType":"0","AttState":"3","AttAddType":"3","IsSeoCreate":"0","IsOnlinePay":"0","MinPrice":"0.00","MaxPrice":"0.00","ClassID":"21002","productonlinetime":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","OnLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","DownLineDate":"1900/1/1 0:00:00","BrandPicDomin":"","BrandPicName":"","BrandProperty":"","PBrandID":"0","IsHadVideo":"0","VideoTime":"0","ShowPrice":"0.00","IndustrySort":"1020000","HasPicSort":"103144859","UserID":"153362","PriceType":"0","PictureID":"1938096","CompanyTypeID":"5","Tag":"","LinkMan":"劉雙成","TelPhone":"010-86873316/010-52887053","ClassName":"其它","ComProduct":"反應釜系列","BrandNameCH":"","IsShow":"1","MarketPrice2":"0","RetailPrice":"0","ComHitnumber":"6919","MarketUpdateTime":"","CreateTime":"2024/9/20 14:44:46","Flag":"1","PackageName":"營銷寶會員","ClientSort":"0","CsName":"","Reprint":"2","FeedBackMsg":"","EnUrl":"","MobilePhone":"13581797271"}]