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開展時間: 2025-02-11
舉辦單位: 美國加州圖拉爾國際展覽中心
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地點: 巴彥淖爾市
開展時間: 2025-02-22
舉辦單位: 內(nèi)蒙古春季農(nóng)機展組委會
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地點: 廣州市
開展時間: 2025-02-25
舉辦單位: 廣州光亞法蘭克福展覽有限公司
水稻機插育秧技術節(jié)選
2024-04-08
09:54:15
來源:江蘇農(nóng)機推廣站 閱讀量:19450
評論
導讀:采用缽苗專用型播種機流水線定量播種。播前嚴格調(diào)試播種機,缽內(nèi)營養(yǎng)底土厚度應穩(wěn)定達到 2/3 孔深;按不同類型水稻品種選控機器播量(平均每孔實際播種粒數(shù)),精播勻播。
【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 一、精量播種
(一)適宜播期。在確保水稻安全齊穗、灌漿結實不受秋季低溫危害的前提下,一般根據(jù)移栽期及大田讓茬時間、大田耕整與沉實時間等,按照“寧可田等秧,不可秧等田”原則,以秧齡 25~30 天推算播種期,缽苗栽插播種期以 5 月 15日~5 月 25 為宜。
(二)適宜播量。常規(guī)粳稻每畝大田用種 3.0~3.5 公斤,每孔適宜 3~5 苗,每孔播種以 5~6 粒為宜;雜交稻每畝大田
用種 1.5~2.0 公斤,每孔適宜 2~3 苗,每孔播種以 3~4 粒為宜,根據(jù)品種、千粒重、發(fā)芽率等計算每盤播干種子重(每
盤 448 缽孔)。
(三)機械播種。采用缽苗專用型
播種機流水線定量播種。播前嚴格調(diào)試播種機,缽內(nèi)營養(yǎng)底土厚度應穩(wěn)定達到 2/3 孔深;按不同類型水稻品種選控機器播量(平均每孔實際播種粒數(shù)),精播勻播;蓋表土厚度不超過盤面,以不見芽谷為宜。一般常規(guī)稻每畝用秧盤 40 張左右、雜交稻每畝用秧盤 35 張左右。建議在流水線始末端加裝自動上料和疊盤設備等相關裝
備,以提升作業(yè)效率。
(四)暗化擺盤。有條件的地方,播后要進行疊盤暗化催芽。一般一疊堆高 20 盤左右,堆與堆之間留 20 厘米左右間距以便通風和起運操作,頂部放一張只有土沒有種子的塑盤封頂,秧盤的排放務必做到垂直整齊,盤堆大小適中。堆放完畢后,頂部和四周用黑色農(nóng)膜封閉,不可有漏縫和漏洞,做到保溫保濕不見光,防止盤間溫濕度不一致,影響齊苗。溫度和濕度分別控制在32℃和 90%左右。待種芽立針、露出盤面 1.0厘米左右即可擺盤綠化。缽苗機插育秧擺盤前畦面要鋪細孔紗布(網(wǎng)孔面積<0.5 厘米×0.5 厘米),以防止根系竄長至底部床土中。將暗化處理過的塑盤沿秧盤長度方向并排對放擺平擺齊于畦上,盤間緊密鋪排,秧盤與畦面緊貼不能吊空,擺盤覆膜后速灌速排 1 次出苗水。未經(jīng)暗化或直接在田間擺盤播種的
需覆蓋無紡布,此后應立即灌一次平溝水,水深不超過盤面,待盤土充分濕潤后立即排出,以利于保濕齊苗。
二、秧田管理
(一)水漿管理。缽苗機插秧田要以旱育為主,促進秧苗根系下扎,增強缽苗根系盤結力,提高機插質(zhì)量。播種至 2葉期前,盤面不能缺水發(fā)白,補水做到速灌速排,始終保持土壤濕潤狀; 葉期到 4 葉期,2盤面發(fā)白、秧苗中午發(fā)生卷葉時,傍晚補水,速灌速排;4 葉期至移栽期,畦面盡量不要灌水,盤面不可保持水層,以防根系上冒串根導致缽間秧苗黏連不分,導致
插秧機無法栽插。
(二)肥料運籌。2 葉期到 4 葉期,于 2 葉期傍晚及早施用斷奶肥 45%復合肥 4 克/盤;4 葉期到移栽,于移栽前 2~3天施用送嫁肥 45%復合肥 5 克/盤。施肥后及時噴水,防止燒苗。
(三)缽苗化控。2 葉期每百張秧盤可用 15%多效唑粉劑4~6 克兌水 2~3 公斤均勻噴施,控制秧苗高度≤20 厘米,以適應機械栽插。
(四)綠色防控。根據(jù)區(qū)植保站發(fā)布的信息,及時開展秧田期病蟲害防治,重點防治好灰飛虱、稻薊馬、葉瘟等,以減少危害。移栽前 2~3 天施用“送嫁藥”,做到帶藥移栽。
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