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國四排放農機產品100問-農機整機篇

2023-01-10 09:01:23 來源：農機企業(yè)家峰會 閱讀量：20171 評論

導讀：和國三產品相比，國四農機產品在結構（外觀）上有哪些變化，用戶如何識別？

　　【農機網 熱點關注】為積極回應社會和廣大用戶的關切，更好地推進農機國四排放法規(guī)的實施，中國農機企業(yè)家峰會組織編寫了《國四排放農機產品100問》手冊，意在普及國四排放農機產品的法規(guī)和知識，對排放升級中大家關心的問題答疑解惑，便于農機生產企業(yè)、農機經銷商、農機使用者以及基層農機管理人員進一步了解和認識國四農機產品，更好地開展相關工作。
 
　　四、農機整機篇
 
　　40、和國三產品相比，國四農機產品在結構（外觀）上有哪些變化，用戶如何識別？
 
　　答：(1)機械環(huán)保信息標簽：達到國家GB 20891-2014第四階段排放標準以及機械環(huán)保代碼。
 
　　(2)機械產品銘牌：型號帶有(G4)的是由原來國三升級成國四的產品，未帶(G4)一般是新開發(fā)或結構性能有明顯改進的產品。
 
　　(3)發(fā)動機銘牌：后處理裝置類型和限值階段：非道路中國第四階段產品。
 
　　(4)50馬力以上拖拉機增加了柴油機的后處理裝置和后處理裝置的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、顯示系統(tǒng)、再生操作開關以及精準定位系統(tǒng)等。
 
　?、貳GR+DOC+DPF技術路線，后處理裝置相對國三的消聲器體積較大并且增加了隔熱罩，儀表上有NCD/PCD燈(駕駛員報警燈)，再生請求燈、再生狀態(tài)燈等。
 
　?、贒OC+DPF+SCR技術路線，后處理裝置相對國三的消聲器體積較大并且增加了隔熱罩，有尿素箱，儀表上有NCD/PCD燈(駕駛員報警燈)，再生請求燈，再生狀態(tài)燈，尿素液位指示等。
 
　　41、怎么確認購買的是國四農機產品？
 
　　登錄機動車環(huán)保網(VECC官方網站)，在公眾查詢平臺(https://info.vecc.org.cn/ve/vin/indexf)，輸入機械環(huán)保代碼和發(fā)動機編號后六位，就可以查看2017年7月1日后生產的機械具體為哪個排放階段的機械。每臺國四農機都有自己的環(huán)保代碼，且是唯一的身份識別碼。
 
　　42、國四農機產品上市前，應經過哪些試驗、驗證，其產品質量和可靠性有保證嗎？
 
　　答：國四整機產品上市前經過嚴格的試驗流程驗證其性能與可靠性，其產品質量和可靠性有保證。國四產品上市必須通過實驗室測試及田間測試，包括臺架試驗、田間試驗、高溫、高原(高海拔)和高寒試驗，以及可靠性試驗，經過長期驗證可以保證國四產品質量和可靠性。
 
　　國四整機試驗的主要內容

 

　　國四產品主要進行的驗證大類包括：(1)發(fā)動機功率曲線與拖拉機底盤之間的匹配；(2)后處理系統(tǒng)在不同工況下的尿素結晶問題、零件自身的耐久問題、再生周期問題等；(3)發(fā)動機在整機上的合規(guī)驗證，比如PEMS、NCD、PCD等；(4)發(fā)動機、整機、精準定位系統(tǒng)之間通信問題，以及防拆除驗證等。
 
　　43、國四農機產品價格與國三產品相比每臺成本上升大約多少？成本上升的主要構成?
 
　　答：國四產品成本上升幅度受到技術路線、結構設計、品質質量、原材料成本及性能升級等多方面因素影響，同時不同品牌及廠家在產品定位、銷售策略、功能性能等方面的差異，也會影響其成本及銷售價格，農機產品整體成本/價格會增加10-25%。
 
　　以國產拖拉機而言，各功率段成本增加大體如下：
 
　　20kW-37kW國四輪式拖拉機產品成本上升500-2000元左右，成本上升的主要構成為發(fā)動機供油系統(tǒng)及控制系統(tǒng)升級，以及拖拉機電器系統(tǒng)升級等。
 
　　37kW-102kW國四輪式拖拉機產品成本上升7000-12000元左右，成本上升的主要構成為發(fā)動機供油系統(tǒng)及控制系統(tǒng)升級，增加EGR+DOC+DPF等后處理裝置，增加中冷器，整機散熱能力增加及電器系統(tǒng)升級，還有國四升級后必需的精準定位系統(tǒng)、電器、傳感器等部件等。
 
　　102kW以上國四輪式拖拉機產品成本上漲約在20000-35000元之間，其中主要因柴油機后處理增加DOC、DPF、SCR、尿素噴射及尿素箱等部件，還有國四升級后必需的精準定位系統(tǒng)、電器、傳感器等部件；一些產品發(fā)動機結構改變，也會增加一定成本。
 
　　44、國四產品有哪些技術優(yōu)勢？
 
　　答：(1)國四的產品排放更低，通過引入PEMS的限值要求，整車排放降低更為明顯；
 
　　(2)隨著發(fā)動機熱效率的提升，國四產品的油耗優(yōu)勢更加明顯。
 
　　(3)國四引入了OBD診斷的要求，故障診斷更加精準，特別是排放類的故障診斷。
 
　　(4)增加DPF應用后，發(fā)動機排氣噪聲進一步降低。
 
　　(5)應用低硫柴油，國四農機產品的保養(yǎng)周期會延長，保養(yǎng)費用降低。
 
　　45、國四農機產品在作業(yè)效率方面與國三產品相比，有沒有變化？
 
　　答：僅發(fā)動機升級國四排放標準的農機，作業(yè)效率與國三產品相當。
 
　　如果借助升級國四對整機進行了優(yōu)化和改進設計，整機性能和工作效率會有明顯提升。

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