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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部部署今冬明春應(yīng)對(duì)拉尼娜科學(xué)抗災(zāi)減損穩(wěn)產(chǎn)保供工作

2022-12-19 09:57:11 來(lái)源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部 閱讀量：16313 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳印發(fā)《今冬明春科學(xué)應(yīng)對(duì)拉尼娜全力抗災(zāi)減損穩(wěn)產(chǎn)保供預(yù)案》。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點(diǎn)關(guān)注】近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳印發(fā)《今冬明春科學(xué)應(yīng)對(duì)拉尼娜全力抗災(zāi)減損穩(wěn)產(chǎn)保供預(yù)案》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《預(yù)案》)，要求各地強(qiáng)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)，堅(jiān)持問(wèn)題導(dǎo)向，提早準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對(duì)，切實(shí)減輕災(zāi)害影響，努力贏得糧食豐收主動(dòng)權(quán)，保障蔬菜等“菜籃子”產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)。
 
　　《預(yù)案》指出，赤道中東太平洋拉尼娜事件將延續(xù)至冬季，受其影響今冬明春我國(guó)氣候不確定性增大，雨雪冰凍、旱澇災(zāi)害等極端天氣事件可能多發(fā)，農(nóng)業(yè)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)任務(wù)繁重。各地必須牢固樹立“防災(zāi)就是增產(chǎn)，減損就是增糧”的理念，加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警，科學(xué)主動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)，落實(shí)防范措施，以防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作的確定性應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)害發(fā)生的不確定性。
 
　　《預(yù)案》分區(qū)域提出農(nóng)業(yè)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)主要技術(shù)措施。一是防范北方冬麥區(qū)低溫凍害。開展冬前鎮(zhèn)壓，墑情不足的要科學(xué)澆灌越冬水，搞好控旺促弱，促進(jìn)苗情轉(zhuǎn)化升級(jí)，提高防寒抗凍能力；早春密切關(guān)注天氣變化，降溫前及時(shí)灌水改善墑情，調(diào)節(jié)近地面層小氣候，減小地面溫度變化幅度，防御凍害；對(duì)遭受凍害的麥田，分類施肥補(bǔ)救，促進(jìn)恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)。二是防范北方冬麥區(qū)春旱。提前檢修灌溉設(shè)施，加強(qiáng)墑情監(jiān)測(cè)，一旦旱情發(fā)生，集中有限水源澆水保苗；大力推廣耙耱劃鋤鎮(zhèn)壓等措施，灌溉后采取淺中耕劃鋤，促進(jìn)小麥返青生長(zhǎng)；葉面噴施抗旱保水劑，增強(qiáng)植物的抗旱能力。三是防范露地和設(shè)施蔬菜凍害。設(shè)施蔬菜產(chǎn)區(qū)及早檢修加固棚室，及時(shí)清除積雪，加保溫棉被、草苫等材料，覆蓋防寒，加強(qiáng)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境調(diào)控；露地蔬菜產(chǎn)區(qū)加強(qiáng)中耕培土，寒潮過(guò)后加強(qiáng)遮陽(yáng)覆蓋、延緩凍融；抓住晴好天氣葉面追肥，提高抗性，澆水做到“三澆三不澆”；加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)病蟲害防控?？茖W(xué)調(diào)控肥水。四是防范東北中東部春澇。加快排水降漬，利用春季溫度回升、風(fēng)力較大的有利條件，翻耕晾曬散墑；及早騰茬整地，加快清除田間秸稈，實(shí)行深松整地；適時(shí)適墑播種，及早確定適宜熟期品種并做好種子準(zhǔn)備，加強(qiáng)機(jī)具調(diào)度，開展好托管作業(yè)服務(wù)，帶動(dòng)小農(nóng)戶高質(zhì)量春耕春播。五是防范東北西部春旱。合理調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)避災(zāi)，推廣抗旱“坐水種”、地膜覆蓋、膜下滴灌等抗旱技術(shù)，組織好跨區(qū)機(jī)耕機(jī)播作業(yè)，確保種在適播期；科學(xué)確定主推品種，及早搞好種子調(diào)劑調(diào)運(yùn)。六是防范江南華南持續(xù)干旱。千方百計(jì)廣辟水源，修繕建設(shè)農(nóng)田集雨蓄水設(shè)施，冬閑田提早蓄水、備耕；抗旱田管保油菜，及時(shí)澆灌保苗；推廣水稻集中育秧，優(yōu)先保證育秧用水。確實(shí)沒有水源的田塊，及時(shí)改種旱糧作物。
 
　　《預(yù)案》強(qiáng)調(diào)，要強(qiáng)化監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警，及時(shí)掌握墑情、雨情、水情、災(zāi)情發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)；備足抗災(zāi)物資，引導(dǎo)農(nóng)機(jī)合作社等社會(huì)化服務(wù)組織做好抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)準(zhǔn)備；組織開展各種形式在線培訓(xùn)答疑和實(shí)地巡回指導(dǎo)，進(jìn)村入戶開展服務(wù)；強(qiáng)化政策落實(shí)，及時(shí)下發(fā)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)防災(zāi)救災(zāi)資金；強(qiáng)化宣傳引導(dǎo)，宣傳推廣農(nóng)業(yè)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)知識(shí)和技術(shù)措施，以及各地好經(jīng)驗(yàn)、好做法、好典型。
 

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