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“十四五”全國農(nóng)機化發(fā)展規(guī)劃解讀三:再談丘陵山區(qū)機械化短板

2022-02-05 09:30:26 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量:47563 評論

導讀:據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計,典型丘陵山區(qū)縣農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率低于50%,這與我國主要糧食作物耕種收綜合機械化率超過80%的水平相差較大,因此,加快補齊丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化短板是當前全國農(nóng)機化發(fā)展的重點之一。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 丘陵山區(qū)機械化問題一直是困擾我國農(nóng)業(yè)全程全面現(xiàn)代化的短板之一。機械化水平總體較低、高端智能農(nóng)機比例較小、畜牧水產(chǎn)智能化綠色化裝備短缺、部分農(nóng)作物播種收獲環(huán)節(jié)機具研發(fā)不足等問題較為突出,同時支持農(nóng)機研發(fā)創(chuàng)新、丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化發(fā)展等方面的政策舉措也不夠豐富。
 
  據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計,典型丘陵山區(qū)縣農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率低于50%,這與我國主要糧食作物耕種收綜合機械化率超過80%的水平相差較大,因此,加快補齊丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化短板是當前全國農(nóng)機化發(fā)展的重點之一。
 

 

  為滿足丘陵地區(qū)農(nóng)機裝備需求,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部采取多項措施,其中在財政支持方面,2021年優(yōu)先將丘陵脫貧地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)需要的機具品目列入全國補貼范圍,包括食用菌生產(chǎn)、果業(yè)發(fā)展、茶葉生產(chǎn)以及薯類、瓜果菜蔬和蓮子、板栗、辣椒等特色產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)所需機具。選取丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)特色產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需機具,將補貼額測算比例提高至35%,進一步緩解當?shù)剞r(nóng)民群眾的購機籌資壓力。
 
  除在農(nóng)機裝備方面加力外,近年來,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部將丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造作為高標準農(nóng)田建設的重要內容,成效顯著。以重慶為例,重慶市屬于典型的丘陵山區(qū)。2014年以來,重慶市開展了農(nóng)田宜機化改造試驗、試點和推廣工作。截至2020年3月底,全市農(nóng)田宜機化改造面積達到58萬畝。農(nóng)田宜機化改造助推了當?shù)厮尽⒂筒?、馬鈴薯、高粱等主要農(nóng)作物及柑橘、榨菜、花椒、茶葉、牧草、中藥材等特色經(jīng)濟作物的全面全程機械化。改造之后的地塊機器能穿梭自如、目標作物機械操作逮及,一般水田畝均節(jié)本350元、旱地節(jié)本500元以上。
 
  針對丘陵山區(qū)機械化問題,2022年1月初農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部印發(fā)的《“十四五”全國農(nóng)機化發(fā)展規(guī)劃》(以下簡稱《規(guī)劃》)明確提出,到2025年,丘陵山區(qū)縣(市、區(qū))農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率達到55%。
 
  《規(guī)劃》明確提出,制定發(fā)布丘陵山區(qū)機械化生產(chǎn)技術裝備需求目錄及補短板優(yōu)先順序,引導科研院所和農(nóng)機生產(chǎn)企業(yè)等向短板弱項機具研發(fā)聚焦用力,加快適宜丘陵山區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)需求的農(nóng)機具成果轉化和推廣應用。因地制宜推進丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田以地宜機,鼓勵新型經(jīng)營主體開展農(nóng)田宜機化改造,持續(xù)改善農(nóng)機作業(yè)條件,擴展大中型農(nóng)機運用空間,力爭改造面積達到200萬畝以上。
 
  具體來說,要積極發(fā)展丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)高效專用農(nóng)機,推動丘陵山區(qū)通用動力機械裝備及特色作物生產(chǎn)、特種養(yǎng)殖需要的高效專用農(nóng)機研發(fā),增加裝備供給。強化需求引領,推進協(xié)同合作,積極創(chuàng)設項目,推動產(chǎn)學研推用緊密結合,加快丘陵山區(qū)適用農(nóng)機裝備創(chuàng)新和機械化技術的推廣應用。大力推進丘陵山區(qū)適用農(nóng)機專項鑒定,落實農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品購置補貼試點政策,加快適宜當?shù)禺a(chǎn)業(yè)需求的農(nóng)機具研發(fā)成果轉化應用。
 
  同時深入開展丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造需求摸底,根據(jù)丘陵山區(qū)地形、地貌特點以及不同作物生產(chǎn)需求,因地制宜明確田間道路、田塊長度寬度與平整度等宜機化要求,提出適宜不同地形特點的改造技術方案。完善丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)田宜機化改造技術標準和評價規(guī)范,構建農(nóng)田宜機化改造標準體系。強化投入成本與收益分析的測算分析,推動各方面資金投入開展宜機化改造,持續(xù)改善農(nóng)機通行和作業(yè)條件。
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