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農(nóng)村勞動力短缺讓丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)難上加難，看極目無人機(jī)如何“破解”難題

2021-11-30 14:56:32 來源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 閱讀量：49996 評論

導(dǎo)讀：從“無機(jī)可用”到“初見希望”，山核桃的植保也正是我國丘陵山地機(jī)械化的縮影。極目也正是始終堅持推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)機(jī)械化的目標(biāo)，不斷改進(jìn)創(chuàng)新，讓廣大農(nóng)民享受科技帶來的成果，為三農(nóng)發(fā)展和鄉(xiāng)村振興做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 明星企業(yè)】 當(dāng)前，我國人口老齡化加重，其中農(nóng)村地區(qū)更是突出。一直以來，我國龐大的勞動力人口構(gòu)成了巨大的人口紅利，使得我國經(jīng)濟(jì)自改革開放以來得到了飛速發(fā)展。而一旦老齡化問題加劇，我國勞動力人口銳減，勢必會給經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來巨大的阻礙。而在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，這一阻礙尤為嚴(yán)重。
 
　　隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程加快，“50后種不動地，60后種不好地，70后不愿種地，80后不會種地，90后不談種地”可以說是當(dāng)前農(nóng)村勞動力的概況。研究顯示，世界各國農(nóng)業(yè)就業(yè)人口呈下降趨勢，中國最為明顯，當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力平均年齡為55歲。
 
　　然而，當(dāng)勞動力短缺遇上丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀，問題便更加突出。長期以來，受自然條件限制，丘陵山區(qū)地形復(fù)雜，地塊不規(guī)則且坡陡坎高，田間缺乏機(jī)耕道路，田塊細(xì)碎、高低不平，導(dǎo)致“牛進(jìn)得去、鐵牛進(jìn)不去”，農(nóng)機(jī)“下田難”“作業(yè)難”。2019年，丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)作物耕種收機(jī)械化率只有48%，比全國平均水平低22個百分點(diǎn)。
 

 

　　今年的中央一號文件明確提出，“強(qiáng)化現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技和物質(zhì)裝備支撐，提高農(nóng)機(jī)裝備自主研制能力，支持智能高效的丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)制造”。由于我國70%的可耕地位于丘陵山區(qū)，因此在當(dāng)前主要農(nóng)作物綜合機(jī)械化已得到大幅提升的情況下，丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)制造和推廣應(yīng)用便顯的尤為重要。
 
　　智能植保無人機(jī)的出現(xiàn)在一定程度上緩解了上述兩個難題。植保無人機(jī)作業(yè)不受地形限制，尤其適用丘陵山區(qū)果園等場景，且作業(yè)效率遠(yuǎn)高于人工作業(yè)，一臺無人機(jī)相當(dāng)于數(shù)十個勞動力，符合老齡化趨勢下農(nóng)業(yè)無人化發(fā)展趨勢。同時，在人工智能、5G等技術(shù)高速發(fā)展的大環(huán)境下，搭載視覺感知、自動化控制等高新技術(shù)的無人機(jī)設(shè)備將丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)水平更是提高了一個臺階。
 
　　在丘陵山區(qū)智能裝備領(lǐng)域，專注于智慧農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)器人研發(fā)的國家級高新技術(shù)企業(yè)——極目機(jī)器人，歷經(jīng)多年調(diào)研實(shí)驗及研發(fā)、迭代，可為戶外復(fù)雜環(huán)境下的農(nóng)業(yè)自主作業(yè)提供成熟的系統(tǒng)化解決方案。
 
　　極目成立于2016年，以雙目視覺感知和AI自主控制為核心技術(shù)，研發(fā)和制造適用于戶外復(fù)雜環(huán)境的智能機(jī)器人，人工智能算法是極目技術(shù)的核心優(yōu)勢，雙目視覺技術(shù)的研發(fā)和應(yīng)用解決了雙目視覺在戶外復(fù)雜環(huán)境下、實(shí)際應(yīng)用過程中的鬼影、陽光干擾/炫光、高速運(yùn)算、實(shí)時校準(zhǔn)等共性難題。公司核心團(tuán)隊來自7個國家，匯聚了機(jī)器視覺、自動控制、人工智能、農(nóng)業(yè)植保和育種等多領(lǐng)域?qū)＜摇Ｄ壳伴_發(fā)和拓展了應(yīng)用于多個領(lǐng)域和場景的智能機(jī)器設(shè)備和軟件，涉及農(nóng)業(yè)、電力、藝術(shù)品鑒定、醫(yī)療和軌道交通等，其中農(nóng)業(yè)場景的機(jī)械化、智能化是目前極目的主要發(fā)力方向。
 
 
　　針對丘陵山地飛防難點(diǎn)痛點(diǎn)，新款極目無人機(jī)新增了鷹眼系統(tǒng)、山地夜航模式、離線模式、飛行圈地、不規(guī)則航線規(guī)劃、自動掃邊、播撒模式等新功能，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化視覺感知和安全的同時，通過人工智能算法，優(yōu)化飛防路徑規(guī)劃和自主仿地避障，大幅提升飛防效率。
 
　　因山核桃而聞名的浙江臨安，由于山路崎嶇導(dǎo)致植保難度過大、農(nóng)村人口老齡化、人力缺乏等客觀因素，經(jīng)濟(jì)價值頗高的山核桃生產(chǎn)受到一定影響。人工作業(yè)極度危險、效率低，且山核桃樹冠厚，傳統(tǒng)噴霧裝置液滴大，噴灑不均勻，導(dǎo)致植保效果差。極目無人機(jī)在臨安的使用使問題得到了一定程度的解決。據(jù)悉，極目無人機(jī)今年已經(jīng)在山核桃種植區(qū)進(jìn)行過授粉、撒肥、除蟲等植物管理的全程實(shí)戰(zhàn)，實(shí)踐表明，極目無人機(jī)的自主飛行、避障和彌霧噴灑效果讓當(dāng)?shù)胤N植戶非常滿意，目前在當(dāng)?shù)胤浅Ｊ軞g迎。
 

▲山核桃作業(yè)視頻
 
　　從“無機(jī)可用”到“初見希望”，山核桃的植保也正是我國丘陵山地機(jī)械化的縮影。極目也正是始終堅持推進(jìn)丘陵山區(qū)機(jī)械化的目標(biāo)，不斷改進(jìn)創(chuàng)新，讓廣大農(nóng)民享受科技帶來的成果，為三農(nóng)發(fā)展和鄉(xiāng)村振興做出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。

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