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積極支持保護(hù)性耕作等農(nóng)機購置補貼！內(nèi)蒙古出臺黑土地保護(hù)工程實施方案

2022-01-04 11:37:38 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：40709 評論

導(dǎo)讀：黑土地是地球上彌足珍貴的土壤資源，是指擁有黑色或暗黑色腐殖質(zhì)表土層的土壤，是一種性狀好、肥力高、適宜農(nóng)耕的優(yōu)質(zhì)土地。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 黑土地是地球上彌足珍貴的土壤資源，是指擁有黑色或暗黑色腐殖質(zhì)表土層的土壤，是一種性狀好、肥力高、適宜農(nóng)耕的優(yōu)質(zhì)土地。多年來，國家高度重視黑土地資源保護(hù)工作，“像保護(hù)大熊貓一樣保護(hù)黑土地”。
 

 

　　內(nèi)蒙古東北黑土區(qū)是我國東北黑土地的重要組成部分，⒛15年以來，先后組織5個旗縣實施了東北黑土地保護(hù)利用試點項目，在132萬畝的典型東北黑土區(qū)實施了東北黑土地保護(hù)利用示范項目，探索總結(jié)出了一批工程與生物、農(nóng)機與農(nóng)藝、用地與養(yǎng)地相結(jié)合的東北黑土地綜合保護(hù)利用技術(shù)模式，為進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)內(nèi)蒙古東北黑土地保護(hù)利用提供了成功經(jīng)驗和技術(shù)支撐。
 
　　雖然內(nèi)蒙古東北黑土地保護(hù)利用試點工作取得了一定成績，但黑土耕地退化趨勢仍未得到有效遏制。近日，內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)農(nóng)牧廳、內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)發(fā)改委等7部門聯(lián)合印發(fā)了《內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)東北黑土地保護(hù)工程實施方案(2021—2025年)》(以下簡稱《實施方案》)。
 
　　《實施方案》明確提出2021—2025年，實施東北黑土耕地保護(hù)利用面積900萬畝(含標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化示范面積220萬畝)。其中，建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田450萬畝、治理侵蝕溝2660條，實施免耕少耕秸稈覆蓋還田、秸稈綜合利用碎混翻壓還田等保護(hù)性耕作4500萬畝次(900萬畝耕地每年全覆蓋重疊實施1次)、有機肥還田900萬畝。到“十四五”末，東北黑土地保護(hù)區(qū)耕地質(zhì)量明顯提升，旱地耕作層達(dá)到30厘米以上、水田耕作層達(dá)到25厘米以上，項目區(qū)耕地土壤有機質(zhì)含量達(dá)到當(dāng)?shù)刈匀粭l件和種植水平的中上等水平，有效遏制東北黑土區(qū)耕地“變薄、變瘦、變硬”退化趨勢，防治水土流失，努力構(gòu)建形成持續(xù)推進(jìn)東北黑土地保護(hù)利用的長效機制。
 
　　《實施方案》提出，對不同區(qū)域黑土耕地質(zhì)量下降的原因進(jìn)行分析，因地制宜地實施“五大工程”，對典型東北黑土區(qū)900萬畝的耕地進(jìn)行質(zhì)量保護(hù)與提升建設(shè)。“五大工程”包括農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和坡耕地改造工程、風(fēng)蝕沙化耕地治理工程、肥沃耕層建設(shè)工程、輪作休耕栽培工程、輪作休耕栽培工程等。
 
　　在政策統(tǒng)籌方面，《實施方案》提出，以高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)為平臺，統(tǒng)籌實施大中型灌區(qū)改造、小流域綜合治理、畜禽糞污資源化利用、秸稈綜合利用還田、深松整地、綠色種養(yǎng)循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)、保護(hù)性耕作、東北黑土地保護(hù)利用試點示范等政策，實行綜合治理，形成政策合力。通過農(nóng)機購置補貼，支持保護(hù)性耕作、精量播種、秸稈還田等相關(guān)農(nóng)用機具購置。加大有機肥還田政策支持，鼓勵企業(yè)發(fā)展種養(yǎng)循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)，促進(jìn)畜禽糞污資源科學(xué)還田利用。完善落實農(nóng)業(yè)保險保費補貼政策，確保及時足額理賠，在黑土區(qū)推進(jìn)玉米、小麥、稻谷完全成本保險和種植收入保險政策。建立輪作、休耕制度探索將東北黑土耕地保護(hù)措施、輪作休耕制度與耕地地力補貼、輪作休耕補貼等政策措施統(tǒng)籌使用機制。
 
　　在資金投入方面，《實施方案》指出，積極爭取各級財政對黑土地保護(hù)利用給予支持，爭取中央預(yù)算內(nèi)投資農(nóng)田建設(shè)項目對黑土地保護(hù)利用的支持，提高高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和質(zhì)量，健全管護(hù)機制。完善涉農(nóng)涉牧資金統(tǒng)籌整合長效機制，旗縣政府統(tǒng)籌水土保持、大中型灌區(qū)改造、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)、秸稈還田、綠色種養(yǎng)循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)、保護(hù)性耕作等資金向黑土地保護(hù)傾斜。鼓勵各地按規(guī)定整合工程建設(shè)、農(nóng)業(yè)資源及生態(tài)保護(hù)等相關(guān)資金推廣綜合治理技術(shù)模式。采取有效措施，引導(dǎo)第三方服務(wù)機構(gòu)、農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體共同投入黑土地保護(hù)。
 
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