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農業(yè)農村部印發(fā)文件部署2021年全國“蟲口奪糧”保豐收行動

2021-01-29 16:07:33 來源：農機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：29043 評論

導讀：2021年小麥條銹病、赤霉病、水稻“兩遷”害蟲、草地貪夜蛾、粘蟲、玉米螟等重大病蟲害呈重發(fā)態(tài)勢，直接威脅糧食生產(chǎn)安全。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】農作物病蟲害是影響糧食穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)的關鍵因素，防控農作物病蟲危害是減災保豐收的關鍵舉措。2021年小麥條銹病、赤霉病、水稻“兩遷”害蟲、草地貪夜蛾、粘蟲、玉米螟等重大病蟲害呈重發(fā)態(tài)勢，直接威脅糧食生產(chǎn)安全。2021年是我國現(xiàn)代化建設進程中具有特殊重要性的一年，“十四五”開局，全面建設社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程開啟，毫不放松抓好糧食生產(chǎn)，再奪糧食豐收意義重大。今年農作物重大病蟲害呈偏重發(fā)生態(tài)勢，防控任務艱巨。為組織做好防控工作，大限度降低危害損失，實現(xiàn)“蟲口奪糧”保豐收目標，1月26日，農業(yè)農村部辦公廳印發(fā)了《2021年全國“蟲口奪糧”保豐收行動方案》(以下簡稱《方案》)，對相關工作作了安排部署。
 


資料圖

　　《方案》表示，據(jù)全國農作物病蟲測報網(wǎng)監(jiān)測和專家會商分析，2021年小麥、水稻、玉米等糧食作物重大病蟲害呈重發(fā)態(tài)勢，預計全國發(fā)生面積21億畝次，同比增加14%，對70%以上的產(chǎn)區(qū)構成風險，需及時采取有效防控措施，努力減輕災害損失。 《方案》明確了行動目標：確保水稻、小麥、玉米、馬鈴薯重大病蟲害總體危害損失控制在5%以內，跨區(qū)域遷飛性、流行性重大病蟲害關鍵源頭區(qū)和重發(fā)區(qū)防治處置率達到100%，水稻、小麥、玉米三大糧食作物病蟲害統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治覆蓋率達到43%以上，綠色防控產(chǎn)品和技術加快推廣，農藥減量化持續(xù)推進。
 
　　《方案》提出了以下重點任務：
 
　　(一)打好小麥“兩病一蟲”防控突擊戰(zhàn)。條銹?。何髂?、漢水流域、黃淮南部等病害越冬區(qū)，重點落實早春“打點保面”預防措施，減輕當?shù)匚：Τ潭龋瑝旱途椿鶖?shù)，降低向黃淮海主產(chǎn)麥區(qū)傳播擴散風險；黃淮海主產(chǎn)麥區(qū)加強監(jiān)測預警，一旦發(fā)生，及時組織統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治、應急防治，治早、治小，嚴防大面積流行成災。赤霉?。洪L江流域、江淮、黃淮南部常發(fā)區(qū)，堅持“主動出擊、見花打藥”不動搖，抓住抽穗揚花期關鍵時期，全面落實預防控制措施；黃淮中北部、華北等常年小麥赤霉病偶發(fā)麥區(qū)，堅持“立足預防、適時用藥”不放松，一旦抽穗揚花期遇連陰雨等適宜病害流行的天氣，立即組織噴施“保險藥”，嚴防病害發(fā)生流行。蚜蟲：在防治小麥條銹病、赤霉病等兼治壓基數(shù)基礎上，黃淮海等重點發(fā)生區(qū)突出抓好穗期蚜蟲防治，嚴防暴發(fā)成災。
 
　　(二)打好水稻“兩蟲兩病”防控攻堅戰(zhàn)。水稻“兩遷”害蟲(稻飛虱、稻縱卷葉螟)：實施大區(qū)聯(lián)合監(jiān)測、分區(qū)協(xié)同治理，華南、西南、江南境外蟲源遷入主降區(qū)，防治指標從嚴，降低當?shù)匚：?，減少北遷蟲源；江南、長江流域、江淮單雙季稻混栽區(qū)和單季稻區(qū)，稻飛虱重點是“壓前控后”、嚴防后期突發(fā)成災，稻縱卷葉螟嚴格達標防治、重點保護功能葉(上三葉)。稻瘟病：南方丘陵山區(qū)、沿江沿淮和東北常發(fā)區(qū)狠抓葉瘟初發(fā)階段和破口抽穗期預防，嚴防大面積流行。紋枯?。和怀鏊痉痔Y期和拔節(jié)期防控，遏制擴展危害。
 
　　(三)打好玉米草地貪夜蛾防控阻擊戰(zhàn)。草地貪夜蛾：進一步強化“三區(qū)”聯(lián)防和“四帶”布控，層層阻截誘殺遷飛成蟲，治早、治小全面撲殺幼蟲。西南華南周年繁殖區(qū)重點撲殺境外遷入蟲源，控制當?shù)匚：p失，延緩北遷時間，減少遷出蟲源數(shù)量；江南江淮遷飛過渡區(qū)重點撲殺遷入蟲源，壓低過境蟲源基數(shù)；黃淮海及北方重點防范區(qū)加強監(jiān)測預警，科學用藥防控，保障生產(chǎn)安全。粘蟲：加強監(jiān)測預警，突出抓好東北、西北和黃淮海等玉米產(chǎn)區(qū)高密度點片集中統(tǒng)一防治，嚴防局部暴發(fā)成災危害。草地螟：重點加強內蒙古大部、山西和河北北部、東北西部成蟲監(jiān)測，做好成蟲誘殺和幼蟲集中撲殺，嚴防農田大面積危害。
 
　　此外，加強境內蝗蟲隱患排查，在采取生物防治、生態(tài)控制等綠色防控措施基礎上，突出抓好高密度點片應急防治；沙漠蝗等境外蝗蟲繼續(xù)加強西藏、云南、新疆等邊境地區(qū)監(jiān)測，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)遷入，迅速撲滅，確保不成災危害。
 
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