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2020年我國早稻產(chǎn)量2729萬噸，比去年增長3.9%

—————國家統(tǒng)計局農村司司長李鎖強解讀早稻生產(chǎn)情況
2020-08-20 08:44:07 來源：國家統(tǒng)計局 閱讀量：23059 評論

導讀：國家統(tǒng)計局公布的全國早稻生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年全國早稻總產(chǎn)量2729萬噸(546億斤)，比2019年增加102.8萬噸(20.6億斤)，增長3.9%，扭轉了7年來連續(xù)下滑的態(tài)勢。

　　【農機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】 國家統(tǒng)計局公布的全國早稻生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2020年全國早稻總產(chǎn)量2729萬噸(546億斤)，比2019年增加102.8萬噸(20.6億斤)，增長3.9%，扭轉了7年來連續(xù)下滑的態(tài)勢。今年早稻生產(chǎn)雖然受南方部分地區(qū)嚴重洪澇災害的不利影響，單產(chǎn)有所下降，但得益于播種面積的大幅增加，全國早稻實現(xiàn)增產(chǎn)。
 
　　一、早稻播種面積大幅增加
 
　　2020年全國早稻播種面積4751千公頃(7126萬畝)，比上年增加300.7千公頃(451.1萬畝)，增長6.8%。分地區(qū)看，10個早稻生產(chǎn)省(區(qū))中有7個播種面積增加。其中，湖南、江西增加多，分別增加131.1千公頃(196.7萬畝)和121.7千公頃(182.5萬畝)，增長12.0%和11.1%；其次為廣西、廣東，分別增加37.3千公頃(55.9萬畝)和34.5千公頃(51.7萬畝)，增長4.9%和4.1%。
 
　　早稻播種面積增加的主要原因：一是多措并舉助力早稻生產(chǎn)，激發(fā)了農戶種植積極性。早稻主產(chǎn)區(qū)各級政府層層壓實糧食生產(chǎn)責任，全力落實各項支農惠農、種糧補貼、糧食低收購價等政策，加強組織農資調運，逐戶引導拋荒地復耕，大力推廣機耕、機插、無人機直播等技術，積極鼓勵聯(lián)耕聯(lián)種、土地托管、統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治，全面推進規(guī)?；?jīng)營和集約化生產(chǎn)，有效激發(fā)了農戶種糧積極性。二是春播氣象條件對生產(chǎn)總體有利，促進早稻前期順利播種。在早稻播種育秧、移栽返青等前期生產(chǎn)中，江南、華南大部地區(qū)光溫水條件總體適宜，沒有出現(xiàn)明顯連續(xù)的低溫天氣。雖然3月底、4月初長江中下游及其以北部分地區(qū)出現(xiàn)過“倒春寒”，但因持續(xù)時間較短，影響有限。
 
　　二、早稻單產(chǎn)有所下降
 
　　2020年全國早稻單產(chǎn)5745.0公斤/公頃(383.0公斤/畝)，比上年減少157.3公斤/公頃(10.5公斤/畝)，下降2.7%。分地區(qū)看，10個早稻生產(chǎn)省(區(qū))中安徽、江西、湖北、湖南等地單產(chǎn)減少較多，分別減少781.6公斤/公頃(52.1公斤/畝)、402.6公斤/公頃(26.8公斤/畝)、332.5公斤/公頃(22.2公斤/畝)和178.7公斤/公頃(11.9公斤/畝)。
 
　　單產(chǎn)減少的主要原因是早稻生長后期南方洪澇災害嚴重。早稻生長前期，主產(chǎn)區(qū)多地水熱搭配適宜，分蘗拔節(jié)和孕穗抽穗均好于上年同期。但在即將收割“開鐮”之際，南方出現(xiàn)連續(xù)暴雨及特大暴雨，多地降雨量超歷史極值。低溫寡照、暴雨沖刷和洪水淹澇導致早稻田塊出現(xiàn)不同程度的倒伏和灌漿不足，特別是安徽、江西、湖北、湖南等地受災嚴重，成災面積和絕收面積增加較多，導致早稻單產(chǎn)下降。
 
　　夏糧豐收和早稻增產(chǎn)奠定了全年糧食穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)的基礎，為進一步扎實做好“六穩(wěn)”工作、全面落實“六保”任務提供了堅實的保障。

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