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@廣大農民朋友：你還在當“舊版”農民嗎？這里有一份“升級攻略”請收好！

2020-03-25 18:00:49 來源：農機網原創(chuàng) 作者：林言 閱讀量：47653 評論

導讀：今年受疫情影響，部分職工就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性受到影響，然而，企業(yè)職工有失業(yè)保險來保障，那么廣大農民的就業(yè)問題如何解決呢？

　　【農機網 編輯視角】 在3月25日國務院政策例行吹風會上，人力資源社會保障部副部長游鈞就《國務院辦公廳關于應對新冠肺炎疫情影響強化穩(wěn)就業(yè)舉措的實施意見》有關情況進行介紹。他表示，截至目前，今年已有146萬戶企業(yè)享受失業(yè)保險穩(wěn)崗返還，金額達222億元，共惠及4951萬職工，受益企業(yè)戶數已超去年全年。
 
　　今年受疫情影響，部分職工就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性受到影響，然而，企業(yè)職工有失業(yè)保險來保障，那么廣大農民的就業(yè)問題如何解決呢？

　　3月2日，農業(yè)農村部辦公廳印發(fā)了《關于應對新冠肺炎疫情影響 擴大農村勞動力就業(yè)促進農民增收的通知》，從“分類推進農村勞動力就業(yè)”、“精準穩(wěn)妥推進農村中小微企業(yè)復工復產”、“積極引導農村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)”、“挖掘農業(yè)農村內部就業(yè)潛力”、“動員組織農民參與農村人居環(huán)境整治”、“強化農民技能培訓”、“充分發(fā)揮農業(yè)農村投資對就業(yè)的拉動作用”、“大力扶持貧困戶勞動力就業(yè)增收”等八方面采取措施為擴大農村勞動力就業(yè)提供空間和動力。
 
　　其中，“農村創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)”表現尤為突出，在廣大農村多點開花，已成為農民就業(yè)的一種新趨勢。
 
　　由于農民外出務工受到一定影響，因此返鄉(xiāng)農民工留鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)呈現增加趨勢，農民工表示更愿意在“家門口”創(chuàng)業(yè)。據中國農業(yè)大學國家農業(yè)農村研究院調查，外出農民工中有22.6%打算留鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)，2.6%打算留鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)。這是今年眾多農民工在就業(yè)方面出現的新變化，同時這也為鄉(xiāng)村產業(yè)振興提供了重要支持。資料顯示，這一新趨勢表現出了以下特點：
 
　　利用平臺創(chuàng)業(yè)：不少留鄉(xiāng)人員在淘寶、快手、抖音、美菜網等平臺注冊創(chuàng)業(yè)。據數據統(tǒng)計，美菜網1月以來鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)社區(qū)果蔬團購“團長”超過5萬人，申請“團長”人數月環(huán)比增速超過10%。阿里巴巴2月以來每天新增淘寶店鋪3萬多家，其中一半以上是鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)賣家?？焓中麻_通的“快手小店”比去年同期增長163%。
 
　　創(chuàng)新業(yè)態(tài)創(chuàng)業(yè)：據調度，不少留鄉(xiāng)人員創(chuàng)辦衛(wèi)生服務、健康養(yǎng)生、共享農莊、在線教育、居家養(yǎng)老等新產業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)，特別是利用大數據、互聯網、機器人等信息技術，發(fā)展5G視頻農業(yè)、無人運輸、無接觸配送、點對點直供、產銷合作社等。
 
　　創(chuàng)新模式創(chuàng)業(yè)：據監(jiān)測，疫情期間80%的農村創(chuàng)業(yè)主體意向訂單減少、原材料成本上漲、市場需求受到抑制，不少創(chuàng)業(yè)主體開始謀劃轉型升級，20%正在改變現有的客服模式，60%正在改變營銷模式，40%向研發(fā)設計上游拓展。
 
　　疫情為農村經濟發(fā)展帶來了困難，同時也催生了新的發(fā)展態(tài)勢。也許有人會問，疫情過后，這種新態(tài)勢會持續(xù)發(fā)展嗎？從長遠來看，如何從根本上促進小農戶發(fā)展、助力農業(yè)農村現代化？
 
　　3月3日，農業(yè)農村部印發(fā)了《新型農業(yè)經營主體和服務主體高質量發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2020-2022年)》，文件對家庭農場、農民合作社、農業(yè)社會化服務組織等新型農業(yè)經營主體和服務主體的高質量發(fā)展作出了具體規(guī)劃，提出了五大支持政策和四大保障措施，為各類新型農業(yè)經營主體和服務主體培育發(fā)展工作指明了路徑和方向?！兑?guī)劃》的實施，必然會促進新型農業(yè)經營主體和服務主體的進一步發(fā)展，推動農業(yè)現代化水平的提高。
 
　　結語：隨著新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化進程加快，“未來誰來種地、怎樣種好地”問題日益凸顯。發(fā)展多種形式適度規(guī)模經營，培育新型農業(yè)經營主體，是建設現代農業(yè)的前進方向和必由之路。要實現產業(yè)興旺，迫切需要加快培育新型農業(yè)經營主體和服務主體，培養(yǎng)一批高素質農民，吸引人才服務于農業(yè)和農村，推進農村一二三產業(yè)融合，才能實現農業(yè)高質量發(fā)展，夯實鄉(xiāng)村全面振興的產業(yè)基礎。
 
　　未來，“舊版”的小農戶格局將逐漸引入現代農業(yè)發(fā)展大格局，“舊版”農民也將逐步“升級”為新發(fā)展形式下的高素質新型農民。你期待嗎？

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