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農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)積極恢復(fù)生產(chǎn),復(fù)工率達(dá)85%

2020-02-28 09:06:40 來源:中國農(nóng)機(jī)工業(yè) 閱讀量:15283 評論

導(dǎo)讀:當(dāng)前全國即將全面進(jìn)入春耕備耕階段。為保春耕生產(chǎn),農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)嚴(yán)格落實新冠肺炎疫情防控措施,積極有序復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 一、農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)情況
 
  當(dāng)前全國即將全面進(jìn)入春耕備耕階段。為保春耕生產(chǎn),農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)嚴(yán)格落實新冠肺炎疫情防控措施,積極有序復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)。中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械工業(yè)協(xié)會通過電話、微信、調(diào)查問卷等對273家農(nóng)機(jī)制造企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)情況進(jìn)行連續(xù)跟蹤問卷調(diào)查,截止到2月26日,已有233家企業(yè)復(fù)工,企業(yè)復(fù)工率達(dá)85.35%,較2月15日提高33.1個百分點;農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)職工復(fù)工率達(dá)68.91%,較2月15日提高11.3個百分點,具體復(fù)工情況見圖1和圖2。

圖1農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)復(fù)工率

圖2農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)職工復(fù)工率
 
  在6個農(nóng)機(jī)重點生產(chǎn)省份中,浙江省和山東省農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)復(fù)工率高,分別達(dá)到96.55%和94.03%,河南省和河北省農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)復(fù)工情況稍差,分別為73.68%和69.57%,6個省份的復(fù)工情況,見圖3。

圖3 重點農(nóng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)省份農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)復(fù)工率
 
  盡管農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)復(fù)工率不斷提升,但企業(yè)產(chǎn)能利用率普遍比較低,平均產(chǎn)能利用率僅為42%,主要原因是受新冠肺炎疫情影響,物流運(yùn)輸尤其是省際間的物流基本暫停,對生產(chǎn)活動造成明顯影響。一方面表現(xiàn)在原材料、零配件、外協(xié)外購件運(yùn)輸不暢,導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)難以保障;另一方面表現(xiàn)在已銷售的產(chǎn)品難以交付,設(shè)備調(diào)試安裝人員難以到達(dá)現(xiàn)場工作。
 
  二、農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)復(fù)工后面臨的主要問題
 
  由于疫情仍在延續(xù),農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)還面臨物流運(yùn)輸受阻、供應(yīng)鏈配套尚未恢復(fù)、員工緊缺、資金鏈緊張、口罩消毒液等防疫用品短缺等具體問題,全面恢復(fù)到正常的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營狀態(tài)還需要一定的時間。
 
  1.交通限制致物流運(yùn)輸困難。疫情發(fā)生后,物流運(yùn)輸尤其是省際間的物流基本暫停,尤其是來自湖北省的原材料、零配件基本運(yùn)不出來,對農(nóng)機(jī)主機(jī)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成明顯影響。
 
  2.產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上下游復(fù)工銜接不暢,供應(yīng)鏈難以保障。由于各地疫情不同,停工復(fù)產(chǎn)期限不一致,上下游企業(yè)間生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)的匹配難度明顯加大,破壞了部分較脆弱的產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)。
 
  3.企業(yè)承受多重壓力,資金鏈緊張。受疫情影響,市場、生產(chǎn)長時間停滯,導(dǎo)致訂單損失,資金回籠減少,但企業(yè)依然需支付職工工資、社保等費用,承擔(dān)著較重的人工成本負(fù)擔(dān)。同時由生產(chǎn)停滯導(dǎo)致的訂單交付難、合同執(zhí)行難,使企業(yè)承受著違約成本上升的壓力。此外信貸利息、固定費用等支出,也對企業(yè)形成了明顯的資金壓力。
 
  4.對外貿(mào)出口的影響值得高度關(guān)注。世界衛(wèi)生組織已經(jīng)宣布新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情已構(gòu)成關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件。受此影響,已有部分機(jī)械企業(yè)收到了延期提貨的通知,同時還有部分企業(yè)也已收到取消訂單的訊息。雖然目前此類事件尚不普遍,但后續(xù)走勢需密切關(guān)注,特別是通過產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈傳導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生的影響尚難以估計。
 
  5.基層員工返崗難。為了控制疫情蔓延,各地對外地返回人員基本都要求在家自行隔離14天,部分地區(qū)社區(qū)、村委會甚至對外地返回人員強(qiáng)制隔離,此外還采用發(fā)放出入證、登記出入等形式嚴(yán)格限制人員出入次數(shù),正常居住人員進(jìn)出也受到限制,導(dǎo)致基層員工返崗難。
 
  6.防疫物資供應(yīng)有缺口。農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)制造過程中協(xié)作性強(qiáng)、勞動力相對密集,復(fù)工復(fù)產(chǎn)企業(yè)每天要消耗大量的口罩、消毒液等防疫用品。而目前這些物資市場供應(yīng)仍存在較大缺口,難以保證充足的供應(yīng)。
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