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山東省2019年夏玉米后期管理技術(shù)意見(jiàn)

2019-08-30 08:51:28 來(lái)源:山東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳 閱讀量:21123 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:近期,省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳組織省農(nóng)業(yè)專(zhuān)家顧問(wèn)團(tuán)玉米分團(tuán)、省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系玉米創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)和廳有關(guān)單位的專(zhuān)家,對(duì)全省玉米生產(chǎn)情況進(jìn)行了分組考察和指導(dǎo),并召開(kāi)了全省玉米生產(chǎn)形勢(shì)專(zhuān)家會(huì)商會(huì)議,分析了當(dāng)前玉米生產(chǎn)形勢(shì),研究制定了《2019年全省夏玉米后期管理技術(shù)意見(jiàn)》,現(xiàn)印發(fā)給你們,請(qǐng)根據(jù)專(zhuān)家們提出的技術(shù)意見(jiàn),因地制宜采取具體措施,搞好技術(shù)指導(dǎo),強(qiáng)化后期管理,有針對(duì)性地做好應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)情況的預(yù)案,努力奪取玉米豐產(chǎn)豐收。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 通知公告】 各市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局:
 
  近期,省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳組織省農(nóng)業(yè)專(zhuān)家顧問(wèn)團(tuán)玉米分團(tuán)、省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系玉米創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)和廳有關(guān)單位的專(zhuān)家,對(duì)全省玉米生產(chǎn)情況進(jìn)行了分組考察和指導(dǎo),并召開(kāi)了全省玉米生產(chǎn)形勢(shì)專(zhuān)家會(huì)商會(huì)議,分析了當(dāng)前玉米生產(chǎn)形勢(shì),研究制定了《2019年全省夏玉米后期管理技術(shù)意見(jiàn)》,現(xiàn)印發(fā)給你們,請(qǐng)根據(jù)專(zhuān)家們提出的技術(shù)意見(jiàn),因地制宜采取具體措施,搞好技術(shù)指導(dǎo),強(qiáng)化后期管理,有針對(duì)性地做好應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)情況的預(yù)案,努力奪取玉米豐產(chǎn)豐收。
 
  山東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳
 
  2019年8月26日
 
2019年全省夏玉米后期管理技術(shù)意見(jiàn)
 
  今年上半年我省降水偏少,玉米播種期較常年略有推遲,部分地區(qū)因干旱影響播種或出苗,造成田間整齊度不高。七月底以來(lái),全省降水總體偏多,尤其是8月中旬受強(qiáng)臺(tái)風(fēng)“利奇馬”影響,全省平均降水超過(guò)160毫米,部分農(nóng)田出現(xiàn)內(nèi)澇,嚴(yán)重影響到了玉米生產(chǎn)。目前我省夏玉米進(jìn)入開(kāi)花授粉期或灌漿初期,是決定粒數(shù)和粒重的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。此階段田間管理的中心任務(wù)是:提高授粉質(zhì)量,保證粒數(shù),確保光合面積和時(shí)間,防止早衰,增加粒重,以提高單產(chǎn)彌補(bǔ)因?yàn)?zāi)減產(chǎn)。主要措施是:防倒、保葉、補(bǔ)肥、增粒重、防病蟲(chóng)、適期收獲。
 
  一是疏通溝渠,提高抗旱防澇能力。各地要提前做好防災(zāi)減災(zāi)預(yù)案,密切關(guān)注天氣變化,充分做好準(zhǔn)備,采取及早發(fā)動(dòng)群眾、疏通斷頭溝、開(kāi)挖排水渠、組織好機(jī)械和排水設(shè)備等多種措施,做到發(fā)生內(nèi)澇時(shí)盡快排凈田間積水。同時(shí)防范干旱天氣,遇旱澆水,保障玉米粒期正常水分供應(yīng)。
 
  二是追施粒肥,確保后期養(yǎng)分供應(yīng)。當(dāng)前我省玉米大多處于灌漿初期,部分地塊處于抽雄吐絲期,此期對(duì)養(yǎng)分尤其是氮肥需求量較大。前期全省普遍強(qiáng)降雨,土壤養(yǎng)分淋失,容易脫肥,應(yīng)增施氮肥,以尿素為主畝施10~15公斤,提高葉片光合效率、延長(zhǎng)葉片功能期。也可葉面噴施磷酸二氫鉀和尿素,增加光合產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化,提高粒重。高產(chǎn)攻關(guān)田酌情增加氮肥用量。
 
  三是分類(lèi)施策,改善通風(fēng)透光條件。今年干旱造成播期延長(zhǎng),田間玉米長(zhǎng)勢(shì)差異較大,尤其是臺(tái)風(fēng)過(guò)后,部分地塊出現(xiàn)倒伏,影響通風(fēng)透光,應(yīng)根據(jù)情況采取相應(yīng)措施。完成授粉后穗上折斷的玉米,要及時(shí)割除折斷部分;倒伏嚴(yán)重、穗下莖折嚴(yán)重、發(fā)育過(guò)遲的地塊,無(wú)法形成產(chǎn)量,應(yīng)提早收獲作為青貯飼料。
 
  四是綜合防治,減輕病蟲(chóng)為害損失。強(qiáng)降雨過(guò)后玉米田間濕度大、溫度高,易于病蟲(chóng)害的發(fā)生和傳播,要密切關(guān)注病蟲(chóng)害發(fā)生發(fā)展趨勢(shì),強(qiáng)化監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警,抓好統(tǒng)防統(tǒng)治。玉米尚處于抽雄吐絲期的地區(qū),要抓緊實(shí)施“一防雙減”,混配殺菌、殺蟲(chóng)劑,利用大型施藥器械和飛防進(jìn)行規(guī)?;乐?,一次施藥兼治多種病蟲(chóng)害,減少玉米后期穗蟲(chóng)發(fā)生基數(shù)、減輕病害流行程度。
 
  五是挖掘潛力,適期收獲提高粒重。目前大多數(shù)品種生育期偏長(zhǎng),在收獲時(shí)不能完全成熟。適期收獲可以延長(zhǎng)灌漿時(shí)間,有利于干物質(zhì)積累,充分發(fā)揮品種的高產(chǎn)潛力,增加粒重,提高產(chǎn)量。尤其是在前期干旱影響玉米發(fā)育的情況下,要繼續(xù)做好玉米適期收獲技術(shù)的培訓(xùn)和宣傳,盡可能提高玉米成熟度,增加粒重保證產(chǎn)量。建議一般地塊在9月底10月初收獲,高產(chǎn)地塊在10月10日前后收獲。
 
  六是科學(xué)引導(dǎo),提高秸稈利用質(zhì)量。要積極宣傳,引導(dǎo)推動(dòng)秸稈綜合利用。秸稈還田的地塊,要加強(qiáng)對(duì)機(jī)手的培訓(xùn),確保秸稈切碎拋勻,深翻時(shí)應(yīng)添加尿素和腐熟劑,加快秸稈的分解;有條件的地區(qū)可以開(kāi)展玉米黃貯和生物質(zhì)能綜合利用試驗(yàn)。
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