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當(dāng)前南方玉米防澇抗災(zāi)技術(shù)意見

2024-06-24 08:48:50 來源：全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心 閱讀量：18678 評論

導(dǎo)讀：為確保玉米安全生產(chǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部玉米專家指導(dǎo)組會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心以“排澇散墑、扶苗清株、追肥促長、防控病蟲、補(bǔ)種改種”為重點(diǎn)，提出南方玉米防澇抗災(zāi)技術(shù)意見。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】 目前，西南及南方地區(qū)已進(jìn)入汛期，自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生頻率高，據(jù)氣象預(yù)測未來幾天江漢、江淮、江南北部和西部、廣西北部、貴州等地有中到大雨，部分地區(qū)有暴雨，局地大暴雨，伴有短時強(qiáng)降水、局地雷暴大風(fēng)等強(qiáng)對流天氣。為確保玉米安全生產(chǎn)，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部玉米專家指導(dǎo)組會同全國農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心以“排澇散墑、扶苗清株、追肥促長、防控病蟲、補(bǔ)種改種”為重點(diǎn)，提出南方玉米防澇抗災(zāi)技術(shù)意見。
 
　　及時排澇散墑
 
　　對于低洼易澇地塊，應(yīng)提早開溝，挖好積水坑，做好排水準(zhǔn)備。雨后及時疏通溝渠，促進(jìn)排水。對積水地塊可采用機(jī)械強(qiáng)排等方式，及時搶排積水，除水降漬。做好鏟趟散墑，促進(jìn)玉米根系和植株恢復(fù)生長，防止因積水造成早衰、死苗等。
 
　　分類扶苗清株
 
　　根據(jù)暴雨大風(fēng)后田間倒伏情況，加強(qiáng)分類管理。對倒伏較輕地塊，一般不必扶直，植株可自然直立起來。對根倒、莖倒嚴(yán)重，特別是吐絲后匍匐倒地的地塊，有條件的及時人工扶直，并在根部培土。對莖折地塊，受災(zāi)較輕的，可及時清出折斷植株；受災(zāi)嚴(yán)重的，視情況及時青貯保產(chǎn)。
 
　　退水追肥促長
 
　　對受澇田塊，災(zāi)后及時管理，排水時注意洗苗，及時清除爛葉、黃葉，恢復(fù)葉片光合機(jī)能。排水后迅速足量追肥1—2次，以速效氮肥為主，配合施用磷鉀肥和微肥，并視情況噴施植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑和葉面肥，加強(qiáng)養(yǎng)分供給，促進(jìn)植株恢復(fù)生長。及時中耕鋤劃，破除土壤板結(jié)，提高透氣性，兼顧除草。
 
　　防控病蟲害流行
 
　　漬水后玉米群體內(nèi)濕度較大，植株有傷口，易于病害發(fā)生，要加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測，重點(diǎn)是玉米細(xì)菌性病害、褐斑病、葉斑病等，做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)早防控?？蛇m當(dāng)添加施用蕓苔素內(nèi)脂，增加植株抗逆性，提高防治效果。雨熱同步易造成蟲害發(fā)生，重點(diǎn)防控草地貪夜蛾、玉米螟等蟲害，選用適宜藥劑噴施，視發(fā)病情況隔7—10天再噴1次。
 
　　補(bǔ)種改種減損失
 
　　對淹水嚴(yán)重但不絕產(chǎn)的地塊，玉米可改作青貯。對受災(zāi)較重或絕收地塊，提早準(zhǔn)備救災(zāi)種子，視情況及時改種生育期短的其他作物，減少損失。

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