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陜西省：確保完成80萬畝大豆玉米帶狀復合種植

2024-06-12 14:13:29 來源：農機網整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：13131 評論

導讀：今年，陜西省大豆玉米帶狀復合種植任務面積為80萬畝，近日，陜西省農業(yè)農村廳辦公室印發(fā)了《2024年大豆玉米帶狀復合種植實施方案》。

　　【農機網 地方農機】 2022年起，我國大力實施大豆和油料產能提升工程，主推大豆玉米帶狀復合種植模式，著力提高大豆和食用植物油自給率。
 
　　今年，陜西省大豆玉米帶狀復合種植任務面積為80萬畝。為切實提高大豆產能和自給率，高標準、高質量完成我省大豆玉米帶狀復合種植任務，近日，陜西省農業(yè)農村廳辦公室印發(fā)了《2024年大豆玉米帶狀復合種植實施方案》(簡稱《方案》)。
 
　　《方案》指出，要以當地玉米凈作種植面積和單產水平為標準，因地制宜選擇探索適宜本地區(qū)的帶狀復合種植模式，確保實現玉米基本不減產、增收一季豆的發(fā)展目標；要充分尊重農民群眾和新型經營主體意愿，優(yōu)先選擇合作社、涉農企業(yè)、種植大戶、村集體經濟組織等新型經營主體，實施組織化生產、規(guī)?；B片種植，集中人力、財力、物力，保證技術到位、效果滿意、面積落實；廣泛探索和研究多種“糧食不減產、增收一季豆”生產模式和配套技術，積極開展果園、高粱等與大豆機械化帶狀間作套種模式，積極開發(fā)鹽堿地、撂荒地擴種大豆，形成適應地方特色種植制度的多渠道、多模式提升大豆生產能力。
 
圖片來源：千圖網
 
　　根據《方案》的安排部署，立足陜西省資源稟賦，突出“兩區(qū)一基地”建設，穩(wěn)步推進大豆玉米帶狀復合種植集成技術推廣應用，全面提升技術到位率，提升單產和效益，落實全省大豆玉米帶狀復合種植80萬畝。
 
　　根據《方案》，陜西省大豆玉米帶狀復合種植主推模式為：擴間增密，充分發(fā)揮邊際優(yōu)勢，大豆玉米帶狀復合種植的玉米密度應與當地同品種凈作玉米密度相當，大豆密度達到當地同品種凈作大豆密度的70%以上。
 
　　其中，在播種環(huán)節(jié)，播種方式包括機械播種和人工播種。機械播種分帶狀間作和帶狀套作。帶狀間作時宜選用適合相應帶狀復合種植模式行數、行距、株距、間距、種肥距離、施肥深度、施肥量、是否覆蓋地膜等參數的大豆玉米帶狀復合種植播種機；帶狀套作時，陜南地區(qū)春玉米夏大豆套作模式，宜分別選用2行玉米施肥播種機和3—4行大豆施肥播種機先后分別播種，行距、株距、間距、種肥距離、施肥深度、施肥量等參數需滿足種植模式要求。
 
　　推薦在拖拉機上加裝北斗導航自動駕駛系統(tǒng)，播種機上加裝播種報警、電動排肥等裝置，以更加精準的控制行距、排種和排肥量等。陜南山地人工播種時，可采用手持式點播器、手推式鴨嘴播種器播種或人工開溝播種。操作時注意保證行距、株距、播深、種肥距離規(guī)范。
 
　　在收獲環(huán)節(jié)，陜北、渭北地區(qū)以同時收獲和先收大豆為主，同時收獲時，可采取大豆和玉米收獲機械前后協(xié)同收獲；先收大豆后收玉米時，可選擇割幅寬度1.6—2米以內可通過的大豆聯(lián)合收割機收獲大豆，再選用玉米收獲機收獲玉米。大豆收獲機機型應根據大豆帶寬和相鄰兩玉米帶之間的距離選擇，應做到不漏收大豆、不碾壓或夾帶玉米植株。大豆收獲機割臺幅寬一般應大于大豆帶寬度40厘米(兩側各20厘米)以上，整機外廓尺寸應比相鄰兩玉米帶之間距離小20厘米(兩側各10厘米)以上，盡量放低割臺，將割茬降至4—8厘米，避免漏收低節(jié)位豆莢，大豆機械作業(yè)速度不高于5千米/小時(下同)。
 
　　陜南地區(qū)以先收玉米為主。可選擇割幅寬度在1.6—1.8米以內可通過的玉米聯(lián)合收割機收獲果穗或籽粒，玉米收獲機輪胎(履帶)外沿與大豆帶距離一般應大于15厘米。待大豆成熟后選用窄幅寬大豆收獲機或當地常規(guī)大豆收獲機進行大豆收獲作業(yè)，一般推薦采用聯(lián)合收獲機收獲，收獲期多雨時也可先用割曬機割倒，然后晾干脫粒。玉米收獲機機型應根據玉米帶的行數、行距和相鄰兩大豆帶之間的寬度選擇，并加裝分禾器，防止玉米籽?；烊氪蠖?，應做到不碾壓或損傷大豆植株。
 
　　注：本文由農機網(m.balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：陜西省農業(yè)農村廳。

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