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2024年農(nóng)機猜想之四:農(nóng)機降補成常態(tài)?

2024-01-12 15:07:59 來源:總站信息處 作者:劉振營 閱讀量:18515 評論

導讀:這幾年,輪式拖拉機補貼額一降再降,最高補貼額已經(jīng)由幾年前的十六七萬元,降到了只有3萬元左右。2024年農(nóng)機補貼額還要再降嗎?就這一問題討論一下。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 市場行情】這幾年,輪式拖拉機補貼額一降再降,最高補貼額已經(jīng)由幾年前的十六七萬元,降到了只有3萬元左右。2024年農(nóng)機補貼額還要再降嗎?就這一問題討論一下。
 
  1、“僧多粥少”自然要降補
 
  農(nóng)機補貼額主要受供需矛盾的影響,供應資金多,補貼產(chǎn)品數(shù)量不變的情況下,補貼額就高一些;相反,供應資金不變或增長有限的情況下,補貼產(chǎn)品數(shù)量增加或價格上漲的情況下,補貼額就要降一些。
 
  從全國看,這幾年國家補貼資金沒有增加多少,但補貼機具數(shù)量卻增加很多,補貼產(chǎn)品總價增長迅速,這種“僧多粥少”現(xiàn)象,一方面造成補貼資金“寅吃卯糧”現(xiàn)象愈發(fā)嚴重,另一方面形成降低補貼額的壓力。
 
  2、高額補貼容易出問題
 
  前幾年鼓勵大型拖拉機的發(fā)展,對大馬力拖拉機進行高額補貼,200馬力以上的拖拉機補貼十七八萬元。然而卻出現(xiàn)了“大馬拉小車”等問題,造成不良影響。目前二線品牌200馬力的拖拉機售價只有17萬元左右,比當年同馬力拖拉機的補貼額還高。
 
  不僅大型拖拉機高額補貼出問題,其他農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品的高額補貼也同樣容易出問題。
 
  例如,自動駕駛系統(tǒng)最初補貼額為5萬元,后來出現(xiàn)了一些問題。目前這個產(chǎn)品的補貼降為5000元,只有原來的1/10,而銷售價格只有1.5萬元左右。
 
  再例如,青海省2022年補貼某種型號的種子清選機,每臺售價6萬元,每臺補貼1.8萬元,當年該省補貼480多臺,用去補貼款800多萬元。目前,這種型號的種子清選機在河南省售價僅為6000元,每臺補貼1000元,顯然青海省當時存在補貼額過高和售價虛高等問題。
 
  2023年12月1日,央視曝光側(cè)深施肥機套補事件,究其原因高額補貼難逃其咎。
 
  綜上所述,高額補貼容易出問題,降補可以減少問題的出現(xiàn),很多農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品可能會面臨降補問題。另外,實踐證明,降補可以有效地降低產(chǎn)品銷售價格。降補既節(jié)省了補貼資金,農(nóng)民又得到實惠,何樂而不為!
 
  3、農(nóng)機補貼額應合理確定并及時調(diào)整
 
  高利之下必有人鋌而走險,因此高額補貼很容易出問題,所以農(nóng)機補貼額宜低不宜高。特別是對于一些新增補貼產(chǎn)品,一定要做好調(diào)查研究,科學確定補貼額,以免出現(xiàn)高額補貼現(xiàn)象而出問題。同時,由于技術進步和銷量加大形成批量,一些農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品的制造成本會迅速降低,如果補貼額一成不變就會變成高額補貼。因此,應及時調(diào)整農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品補貼額,以適應產(chǎn)品成本降低所帶來的影響。特別是自動控制類的電子產(chǎn)品,如自動駕駛和無人飛機等,一旦批量生產(chǎn),成本下降很快,應根據(jù)情況及時降低補貼額,一方面節(jié)省補貼資金,另一方面可以降低銷售價格,讓購機用戶得實惠。
 
  4、建議提高優(yōu)質(zhì)高端農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品補貼額
 
  目前的定額補貼方式,對于同一規(guī)格型號的農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品,實行同等的補貼額,不分質(zhì)量好壞,也不管技術含量高低,實際上是劣幣驅(qū)逐良幣,相對打擊了優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品和高端農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品,也相當于鼓勵農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品減少配置和功能缺失。因此,要研究提高優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品和高技術含量農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品補貼額的辦法,符合條件的優(yōu)質(zhì)高端農(nóng)機產(chǎn)品,能夠獲得更高的補貼額。
 
  例如,輪式拖拉機補貼額一降再降,由于重型拖拉機成本高,補貼額占銷售價格的比例很低,達不到鼓勵重型拖拉機發(fā)展的目的。如果200馬力以上的重型拖拉機按售價40萬元計算,目前補貼額只有3萬元左右,占銷售價格的比例只有8%左右。而且馬力越大、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量越好、技術含量越高,補貼所占比例越低,違背了國家鼓勵“一大一小”農(nóng)機的政策,更不符合優(yōu)機優(yōu)補的原則。
 
  再例如,不少省區(qū)對小型輪式拖拉機取消了補貼,特別是一些南方水田和丘陵山區(qū)較多的省區(qū),特別不利于丘陵山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)機械化的發(fā)展。
 
  因此建議,對于拖拉機補貼要區(qū)分不同地域,國家給予不同補貼限額。對于墾區(qū)和糧食調(diào)出省份,對符合條件的重型拖拉機等重型農(nóng)業(yè)裝備,應適當提高補貼額。對于南方水田和丘陵山區(qū),對符合條件的小型山地拖拉機適當提高補貼額。以上建議,僅供參考。
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