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2023年“三夏”期間農機作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化趨勢調查報告

2023-05-22 16:30:05 來源：農業(yè)機械化管理司 閱讀量：18616 評論

導讀：近日，農業(yè)機械化管理司會同農業(yè)機械化總站針對“三夏”期間小麥機收等作業(yè)價格變化情況，開展了電子問卷調查。

　　【農機網 熱點關注】近日，農業(yè)機械化管理司會同農業(yè)機械化總站針對“三夏”期間小麥機收等作業(yè)價格變化情況，開展了電子問卷調查，并形成調查分析報告，現(xiàn)予以刊發(fā)，供有關方面參考。
 
　　2023年“三夏”期間農機作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化趨勢調查報告
 
　　為科學研判農業(yè)機械化生產形勢，農業(yè)機械化管理司會同農業(yè)機械化總站開展了2023年“三夏”期間農機作業(yè)服務價格和成本變化趨勢電子問卷調查，有關情況如下。
 
　　一、調查樣本分布情況
 
　　本次調查采取網絡問卷形式，共收到8個小麥主產省600個農機社會化服務組織的調查問卷，具體樣本分布情況如下表所示。

 
　　二、“三夏”期間農機作業(yè)價格變化趨勢
 
　　從調查情況看，預計“三夏”期間農機作業(yè)價格均略有上升。
 
　　(一)小麥機收作業(yè)價格
 
　　預計小麥機收作業(yè)價格為65元/畝，較去年上漲了5元，同比增長8.3%。
 
　　(二)機械種植作業(yè)價格
 
　　預計玉米、大豆機播作業(yè)價格為50元/畝，較去年上漲了10元，同比增長25%；高性能玉米播種機作業(yè)價格為60元/畝，較普通玉米機播作業(yè)價格高出10元左右。
 
　　三、“三夏”期間影響農機作業(yè)價格變化原因分析
 
　　從調查情況看，“三夏”期間影響農機作業(yè)價格的主要因素為燃油成本和機手雇工費用變化，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為544個和472個，占樣本總數(shù)的90.7%和78.7%；其次為機具購買、維修成本變化，涉及樣本數(shù)410個，占樣本總數(shù)的68.3%；機具保有量、供需信息對接等因素對于作業(yè)服務價格影響不大。
 
　　(一)燃油消耗情況
 
　　預計“三夏”期間小麥機收燃油消耗為3 L/畝，玉米、大豆機播燃油消耗為3 L/畝；水稻機插秧耗油為2 L/畝。
 
　　(二)燃油價格情況
 
　　預計“三夏”期間柴油價格為7.4元/升，較去年同期下降7.5%。以本次調查樣本數(shù)最多的湖北省為例，2023年5月13日湖北省0#柴油價格為7.4元/升，較2022年同期下降9.1%，但較2021年同期仍要高出17.6%。
 
　　(三)機手雇工費用情況
 
　　預計機手雇工費用增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的83.7%。疫情結束后，勞動力流動加大，機手可選擇的務工方式更多，機手數(shù)量不足，操作較為熟練的機手供不應求；此外，隨著物價上漲和生活成本提高，機手漲薪意愿強烈，留住機手的成本也逐年增加。調查顯示，缺乏機械化作業(yè)水平較高的機手和人工成本連續(xù)增長是影響機手雇工費用增長的主要原因，涉及樣本數(shù)分別為443個和507個，占樣本總數(shù)的73.8%和84.5%。
 
　　（四）零配件供給情況
 
　　預計農業(yè)機械零配件購買價格增長的樣本數(shù)占樣本總數(shù)的77.5%。零配件原材料價格與物流成本增長是導致農業(yè)機械零配件購買價格增長的主要原因，涉及樣本分別為423個和268個，占樣本總數(shù)的70.5%與44.7%。
 
　　四、跨區(qū)作業(yè)情況
 
　　從調查情況看，259個樣本明確表示準備開展跨區(qū)作業(yè)，占樣本總數(shù)的43.2%；215個樣本明確表示不開展跨區(qū)作業(yè)，占樣本總數(shù)的35.8%；126個樣本表示不確定是否參與跨區(qū)作業(yè)。
 
　　五、面臨問題與建議
 
　　從調查情況看，“三夏”期間面臨的主要問題是天氣變化，涉及206個樣本，占調查樣本總數(shù)的34.3%；其次是燃油價格較高，涉及175個樣本，占調查樣本總數(shù)的29.2%。缺少有能力的機手(駕駛員)等問題，均未超過樣本總數(shù)的20%；反映零配件供給不足問題的樣本僅有2個。
 
　　各地農機社會化服務組織的主要建議：65個樣本建議“加大燃油補貼或降低燃油價格”；46個樣本建議“加強機手培訓力度”；37個樣本建議“加大農機作業(yè)補貼力度或提高作業(yè)價格”；27個樣本建議“提供作業(yè)信息共享平臺或做好信息對接服務”；26個樣本建議“加強安全監(jiān)管、培訓力度，引導安全作業(yè)生產”。

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