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【科研進(jìn)展】花生機(jī)械化摘果損傷機(jī)理研究取得進(jìn)展

2023-01-11 08:36:35 來源：農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部南京農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究所 閱讀量：15017 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：目前該機(jī)型已經(jīng)通過農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部《農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械試驗(yàn)鑒定辦法》的試驗(yàn)鑒定和DG/T007-219《花生收獲機(jī)》的推廣鑒定，被納入河南省購(gòu)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼目錄，并實(shí)現(xiàn)批量化生產(chǎn)。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】近日，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部南京農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究所 綠色耕作與根果類收獲機(jī)械化創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì) 張鵬、徐弘博等為解決全喂入切流式花生摘果損傷率高的問題，通過自主研發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)并搭建花生摘果摩擦碰撞試驗(yàn)臺(tái)，開展花生摘果損傷機(jī)理特性研究。該試驗(yàn)臺(tái)可根據(jù)花生果秧及莢果生物性狀、物理特性、滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速、接觸摘果部件材料等條件擬定試驗(yàn)方案進(jìn)行模擬摘果摩擦碰撞損傷試驗(yàn)，揭示不同工況下花生摘果碰撞接觸對(duì)損傷表面的影響機(jī)理。相關(guān)研究成果發(fā)表在《Agronomy》上。
 
　　團(tuán)隊(duì)成員搭建的花生摘果摩擦碰撞試驗(yàn)臺(tái)即一種貼近作業(yè)工況、試驗(yàn)精確度高、性能可靠的花生機(jī)械化摘果含摩擦碰撞試驗(yàn)機(jī)。可以在一定范圍內(nèi)根據(jù)不同工況對(duì)摘果轉(zhuǎn)速、接觸角度、深度以及不同材料特性等進(jìn)行調(diào)整。既可以進(jìn)行實(shí)際工況模擬分析研究，同時(shí)也能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)花生摘果過程中所受的碰撞進(jìn)行分析，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)試件材料的摩擦—碰撞耦合特性及其對(duì)應(yīng)產(chǎn)品的綜合使用性能分析。

 花生摘果摩擦碰撞試驗(yàn)臺(tái)

 

　　花生摘果摩擦碰撞接觸分析示意圖
 
　　以花生主產(chǎn)區(qū)典型品種“大白沙”做研究對(duì)象，通過花生摘果碰撞摩擦試驗(yàn)臺(tái)在不同條件下(接觸線速度、接觸材料、侵入深度、含水率)對(duì)花生摘果碰撞摩擦的特性規(guī)律展開試驗(yàn)研究。單因素條件確定后開展了3因素3水平的正交試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，花生摩擦系數(shù)和花生果莢磨損量的影響主次順序分別為：表面侵入深度>果莢含水率>接觸線速度，果莢含水率>表面侵入深度>接觸線速度。
 
　　除此之外，該團(tuán)隊(duì)還利用Micro-CT及白光干涉儀等儀器對(duì)花生摘果彈齒表面碰撞磨損、表面殘留，以及花生果殼損傷特性展開進(jìn)一步分析，探究花生摘果損傷機(jī)理。

 

　　花生摘果摩擦碰撞損傷Micro-CT剖面分析
 
　　團(tuán)隊(duì)將此研究結(jié)果應(yīng)用于切—軸流式全喂入摘果機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，減小花生摘果損傷率，減小整機(jī)負(fù)載、比配空間及生產(chǎn)成本，并通過對(duì)秧果分離機(jī)械式提升機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化，有效降低作業(yè)揚(yáng)塵濃度，既解決了摘果損傷率高作業(yè)效率低的難題，又降低了作業(yè)揚(yáng)塵排放污染，滿足了花生主產(chǎn)區(qū)全喂入收獲作業(yè)市場(chǎng)需求，協(xié)助團(tuán)隊(duì)在綠色高效花生收獲機(jī)械化領(lǐng)域取得創(chuàng)新性突破。
 
　　目前該機(jī)型已經(jīng)通過農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部《農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械試驗(yàn)鑒定辦法》的試驗(yàn)鑒定和DG/T007-219《花生收獲機(jī)》的推廣鑒定，被納入河南省購(gòu)機(jī)補(bǔ)貼目錄，并實(shí)現(xiàn)批量化生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品已在我國(guó)冀、魯、豫、蘇、皖、鄂、等地推廣應(yīng)用，取得了良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)與生態(tài)效益。
 
　　該研究得到了江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金（青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目）（BK20190140）和中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(No.2021M7018020)的資助。

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