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未來(lái)我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展有望更為均衡化

2022-10-14 09:00:57 來(lái)源：農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：22198 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：在增速有所調(diào)整的同時(shí)，部分短板領(lǐng)域有望迎來(lái)新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整體更為均衡的發(fā)展。

　　【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場(chǎng)行情】近十年以來(lái)，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化取得了長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展。近日，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化協(xié)會(huì)召開(kāi)專題座談會(huì)，暢談我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)化發(fā)展成就。自2013年以來(lái)近十年間，我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)總量合理增加，裝備結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化，主要作物生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化加快推進(jìn)，綜合機(jī)械化率不斷提升。
 
　　2021年全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械總動(dòng)力達(dá)到10.78億千瓦，相較2012年增長(zhǎng)5.17%。拖拉機(jī)保有量2173.06萬(wàn)臺(tái)、配套農(nóng)具4022.93萬(wàn)部，其中大、中型拖拉機(jī)保有量分別為74.31萬(wàn)臺(tái)、407.93萬(wàn)臺(tái)。從拖拉機(jī)數(shù)量上來(lái)看，相較于2012年拖拉機(jī)總數(shù)略有下降，主要原因在于我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到穩(wěn)定發(fā)展期，大馬力、多功能、高性能的大型拖拉機(jī)(55.8kW以上)增長(zhǎng)迅速，由2012年的50.8萬(wàn)臺(tái)上升到2021年的143.66萬(wàn)臺(tái)，占拖拉機(jī)總數(shù)的比例由2.23%上升到6.61%。
 
　　農(nóng)業(yè)裝備結(jié)構(gòu)持續(xù)優(yōu)化，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的產(chǎn)品種類由主要作物的耕種收環(huán)節(jié)向植保、秸稈處理、烘干等全程延伸，從糧食作物向棉油糖等經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，由種植業(yè)向養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、加工業(yè)拓展。在糧食作物生產(chǎn)方面，農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械總量保持較快增長(zhǎng)，2021年稻麥聯(lián)合收割機(jī)、玉米聯(lián)合收割機(jī)、水稻插秧機(jī)、谷物烘干機(jī)保有量分別達(dá)162.72萬(wàn)臺(tái)、61.06萬(wàn)臺(tái)、96.32萬(wàn)臺(tái)、14.42萬(wàn)臺(tái)，相較于2012年分別增長(zhǎng)55.64%、162.06%、87.76%、300.56%。在果蔬茶等經(jīng)濟(jì)作物生產(chǎn)方面，機(jī)械化發(fā)展也取得顯著成效(表2)，其中甜菜、棉花、蔬菜、茶葉作物收獲機(jī)數(shù)量在2012年基礎(chǔ)上達(dá)到數(shù)倍增長(zhǎng)。在畜牧水產(chǎn)方面，畜牧養(yǎng)殖、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖機(jī)械化率分別達(dá)到38.50%、33.50%，機(jī)械保有量分別從2012年的661.70萬(wàn)臺(tái)、348.78萬(wàn)臺(tái)增長(zhǎng)到2021年的811.00萬(wàn)臺(tái)、479.50萬(wàn)臺(tái)，分別增加22.56%、37.48%。
 
　　在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工方面，2021年農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機(jī)械化率達(dá)到41.64%，除棉花以外各類主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機(jī)械數(shù)量保持穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品初加工機(jī)械數(shù)量從2012年的1316.74萬(wàn)臺(tái)增長(zhǎng)至2021年的1571.99萬(wàn)臺(tái)，增長(zhǎng)19.38個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
 
　　此外，機(jī)械化信息化融合發(fā)展加快，自動(dòng)駕駛拖拉機(jī)、無(wú)人插秧機(jī)、植保無(wú)人飛機(jī)等智能農(nóng)機(jī)裝備擴(kuò)大推廣應(yīng)用，補(bǔ)貼購(gòu)置植保無(wú)人飛機(jī)1.3萬(wàn)架，支持安裝農(nóng)業(yè)用北斗終端近2.3萬(wàn)臺(tái)套，農(nóng)機(jī)裝備結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。
 
　　主要作物生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化加快推進(jìn)，綜合機(jī)械化率不斷提升：三大主糧作物生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化率進(jìn)一步提高，其中小麥耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率由2012年的93%提高到2021年的97%，水稻耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率由2012年的67%提高到2021年的86%，玉米耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率由2012年的75%提高到90%，分別提高4.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn)、27.75個(gè)百分點(diǎn)、20.10個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。同時(shí)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的機(jī)械化水平加快突破，水稻種植機(jī)械化率達(dá)56.30%，玉米收獲機(jī)械化率達(dá)78.67%。在經(jīng)濟(jì)作物方面，油菜、馬鈴薯、花生、棉花的耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率也突破了50%，分別達(dá)到61.92%、50.76%、65.65%、87.25%,實(shí)現(xiàn)了從人畜力作業(yè)為主向機(jī)械作業(yè)為主的歷史性跨越。
 
　　目前，主要農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機(jī)械化率已經(jīng)達(dá)到72.03%，標(biāo)志著我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)化進(jìn)入了平穩(wěn)發(fā)展階段，在增速有所調(diào)整的同時(shí)，部分短板領(lǐng)域有望迎來(lái)新的發(fā)展機(jī)遇，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)整體更為均衡的發(fā)展。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布，數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械工業(yè)年鑒》、《2021年全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化發(fā)展統(tǒng)計(jì)公報(bào)》。
 

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