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高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)丨廣東省進行平原區(qū)格田、丘陵區(qū)梯田宜機化改造示范

2022-07-20 15:07:35 來源：農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：36549 評論

導(dǎo)讀：截至2020年底，廣東省累計建成高標準農(nóng)田占耕地面積比重超過六成，遠高于同期全國約40%的占比，居全國領(lǐng)先地位。

　　【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 政策與標準】糧食安全，國之大者。我國糧食穩(wěn)產(chǎn)保供既要保數(shù)量，還要保多樣、保質(zhì)量、保生態(tài)，確保糧食安全的任務(wù)更加艱巨，迫切需要加快高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)步伐，深入實施“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”戰(zhàn)略，進一步筑牢國家糧食安全保障基礎(chǔ)。而高標準農(nóng)田是國家糧食安全的“壓艙石”。

　　據(jù)統(tǒng)計，截至2020年底，廣東省累計建成高標準農(nóng)田面積2352萬畝。通過開展高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)，項目區(qū)內(nèi)田、土、水、路、林等得到綜合治理，農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件得到改善，大幅度提升了耕地抵御自然災(zāi)害能力和農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力，提高了農(nóng)業(yè)機械化水平，推動了土地流轉(zhuǎn)，既保障了糧食安全，又促進了現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展。近日，廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳印發(fā)了《廣東省高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)規(guī)劃(2021-2030年)》，制定廣東省高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)的主要目標和建設(shè)任務(wù)，作為指導(dǎo)各地開展高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)的重要依據(jù)。該規(guī)劃期為2021—2030年，展望到2035年。
 
　　截至2020年底，廣東省累計建成高標準農(nóng)田占耕地面積比重超過六成，遠高于同期全國約40%的占比，居全國領(lǐng)先地位。建成后的高標準農(nóng)田，耕地流轉(zhuǎn)率平均提高15%-20%，耕作機械化水平平均提高15%-20%，部分地區(qū)農(nóng)民直接流轉(zhuǎn)土地畝均增收達到300元，增加了農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營性收入，為全省全面建成小康社會做出了重要貢獻。
 
　　高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)目標：確保到2025年累計建成2670萬畝高標準農(nóng)田、改造提升213萬畝，以此穩(wěn)定保障1200萬噸以上糧食產(chǎn)能。到2030年累計建成2720萬畝高標準農(nóng)田、改造提升575萬畝，以此穩(wěn)定保障1220萬噸以上糧食產(chǎn)能。把高效節(jié)水灌溉與高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、同步實施，規(guī)劃期內(nèi)完成56萬畝新增高效節(jié)水灌溉建設(shè)任務(wù)。到2035年，通過持續(xù)改造提升，全省高標準農(nóng)田保有量和質(zhì)量進一步提高，綠色農(nóng)田、數(shù)字農(nóng)田、宜機化等建設(shè)模式進一步普及，農(nóng)田建設(shè)管理、建后管護、耕地質(zhì)量和生產(chǎn)利用水平進一步提升，糧食生產(chǎn)和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給能力進一步增強，確保全省高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)工作繼續(xù)走在全國前列，為廣東省在全國率先基本實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化筑牢更高層次、更有效率、更可持續(xù)的糧食安全保障基礎(chǔ)。
 
　　廣東省高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)規(guī)劃主要指標
 

        高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)主要涉及田、土、水、路、林、電、技、管8個方面目標。其中，“技”指：通過工程措施與農(nóng)機農(nóng)藝技術(shù)相結(jié)合，推廣數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)、良種良法、病蟲害綠色防控、節(jié)水節(jié)肥減藥等技術(shù)，提高農(nóng)田可持續(xù)利用水平和綜合生產(chǎn)能力。 
 
　　《廣東省高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)規(guī)劃(2021-2030年)》要求各地著力打造一批整區(qū)域推進、宜機化改造、數(shù)字農(nóng)田、綠色農(nóng)田、土壤改良、高效節(jié)水灌溉和都市美麗田園等示范工程，總結(jié)提煉一批“可推廣、可復(fù)制、能落地、接地氣”高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)的典型樣板。通過突出示范引領(lǐng)，進一步提升廣東省高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)標準和質(zhì)量。
 
　　其中，宜機化改造示范主要針對平原區(qū)格田和丘陵區(qū)梯田進行宜機化示范引領(lǐng)。
 
　　平原區(qū)格田宜機化改造:推動高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)與農(nóng)田宜機化改造相結(jié)合，加快提升糧食生產(chǎn)機械化水平。優(yōu)先選擇農(nóng)民群眾積極性較高、土地流轉(zhuǎn)率較高的地區(qū)，合理改善農(nóng)業(yè)機械通行條件，有效提高農(nóng)業(yè)機械道路和下田作業(yè)通達率。按照農(nóng)田作業(yè)機械化要求，進一步優(yōu)化田塊布局，推動田塊小并大、短并長、彎變直；對尖角、彎月形等影響農(nóng)業(yè)機械作業(yè)的異形地塊，進行開挖回填、截彎取直等整理，消除作業(yè)死角；清除田塊耕作層內(nèi)影響農(nóng)業(yè)機械作業(yè)的石塊及其他障礙物；合理建設(shè)機耕路和生產(chǎn)路，完善下田坡道、橋涵、錯車點、末端掉頭點和安全標識等附屬設(shè)施，實現(xiàn)道路和田塊之間、田塊與田塊之間銜接順暢互聯(lián)互通。因地制宜配套土壤改良、灌溉排水、農(nóng)田防護、農(nóng)田輸配電等農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。
 
　　丘陵區(qū)梯田宜機化改造:推動高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)與坡耕地治理工作相結(jié)合，引領(lǐng)丘陵山地區(qū)高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。選擇坡耕地面積較大、水土流失較為嚴重的地區(qū)。以小流域為單元，按照方便機械化作業(yè)要求，合理規(guī)分和適度歸并田塊，消除農(nóng)機作業(yè)死角，坡耕地改造為宜機化梯田；優(yōu)化地塊布局，實現(xiàn)以條帶狀分布為主，延長機械作業(yè)線路；通過開挖回填土壤等工作措施，修建田塊進出坡道、完善田間道路；合理布局溝渠，溝渠的修建應(yīng)兼顧農(nóng)業(yè)機械通行需要，深開圍溝、背溝；因地制宜配套小型水源工程，加強雨水和地表水收集利用；通過秸稈還田、綠肥種植、糞肥施用等生態(tài)培肥方式，結(jié)合深耕深翻等農(nóng)業(yè)機械化措施，培肥熟化土壤，提升地力；加強農(nóng)田防護與生態(tài)環(huán)境保護工程建設(shè)，完善農(nóng)田防護林體系，合理修筑岸坡防護、溝道治理、坡面防護等設(shè)施，提高水土保持和防洪能力；配套建設(shè)變配電設(shè)施，為泵站、機井以及信息化設(shè)備等提供電力保障?！?br /> 
　　當下，廣東省高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)面臨“建設(shè)任務(wù)十分艱巨、資金籌措壓力較大、管理管護任務(wù)加重、質(zhì)量水平有待提升”四大挑戰(zhàn)?！稄V東省高標準農(nóng)田建設(shè)規(guī)劃(2021-2030年)》的制定，將引導(dǎo)該省更快地克服挑戰(zhàn)，順利完成2023年目標任務(wù)。
 
　　注：本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(m.balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布，資料來源：廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳。
 

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