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機(jī)采茶:智能采摘關(guān)鍵技術(shù)難題將逐步得到突破

2022-05-07 11:05:42 來源:農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:35083 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀:隨著城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展和勞動(dòng)力成本不斷提高,茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的用工矛盾較為突出,因此,“應(yīng)用機(jī)械化、信息化、智能化技術(shù),研發(fā)出替代采摘?jiǎng)趧?dòng)用工機(jī)器人,對(duì)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展和鄉(xiāng)村振興意義重大。

  【農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 科技創(chuàng)新】多年來,采茶工短缺和用工成本高已成業(yè)界共識(shí),目前農(nóng)民采摘茶業(yè)普遍缺乏勞動(dòng)力,茶葉無法及時(shí)收獲,造成較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。尤其是在2020年疫情反復(fù)發(fā)生以來,這一現(xiàn)象更為突出。且采茶工采茶過程中還存在安全隱患,時(shí)常發(fā)生采茶工走失和不慎跌落的事件。近日,蘇州新區(qū)一茶農(nóng)上山采茶時(shí)不慎摔落深溝,腿部受傷無法動(dòng)彈。前置備勤點(diǎn)的消防員接到群眾求助后立即趕赴現(xiàn)場(chǎng),使用安全繩和安全腰帶將被困人員救出來,然后利用擔(dān)架將其抬下山交給120醫(yī)護(hù)人員。
 

 

  唯有借助科技的力量,才能解決以上問題。
 
  “十三五”以來,浙江省通過“尖兵”“領(lǐng)雁”計(jì)劃及育種專項(xiàng)在茶樹領(lǐng)域立項(xiàng)27個(gè),涵蓋了茶樹育種、高效栽培、病蟲害防治、機(jī)械研發(fā)、產(chǎn)品加工等茶產(chǎn)業(yè)全鏈條。通過一體化設(shè)計(jì)、學(xué)科交叉創(chuàng)新、數(shù)字和機(jī)械賦能,引領(lǐng)浙江省茶產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展之路。
 
  3月15至26日,浙江理工大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械團(tuán)隊(duì)在中國農(nóng)科院茶葉研究所嵊州基地進(jìn)行名優(yōu)茶機(jī)器人采摘試驗(yàn)。采摘實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:第三代采茶機(jī)器人整機(jī)在行走過程中實(shí)現(xiàn)了自動(dòng)識(shí)別、定位、采摘、收集,驗(yàn)證了現(xiàn)有技術(shù)路線的合理性,試驗(yàn)中芽葉識(shí)別率達(dá)82%、平均采摘速度2.5s/顆、采摘成功率40%。未來預(yù)計(jì)在多臂操作的情況下,一臺(tái)機(jī)器能替代3~5個(gè)工人。
 
  科研人員只需按下遙控按鈕,采茶機(jī)器人就開始自動(dòng)識(shí)別茶樹上嫩芽,精準(zhǔn)伸出機(jī)械手,把嫩芽采摘下來并吸入儲(chǔ)存盒內(nèi)。據(jù)浙江理工大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械團(tuán)隊(duì)專家陳建能教授介紹,這是第三代名優(yōu)茶采摘機(jī)器人,是浙江省“尖兵”“領(lǐng)雁”項(xiàng)目之一、浙江理工大學(xué)主持的“名優(yōu)茶芽葉智能精準(zhǔn)采摘分級(jí)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究及裝備研制”的研究成果。據(jù)悉,后續(xù)科研團(tuán)隊(duì)將在采摘成功率、采摘速度、芽葉完整性、茶園立地環(huán)境適應(yīng)性方面持續(xù)提高改進(jìn),爭(zhēng)取盡早實(shí)現(xiàn)商品化。
 
  隨著城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展和勞動(dòng)力成本不斷提高,茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的用工矛盾較為突出,因此,“應(yīng)用機(jī)械化、信息化、智能化技術(shù),研發(fā)出替代采摘?jiǎng)趧?dòng)用工機(jī)器人,對(duì)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展和鄉(xiāng)村振興意義重大。
 
  5月5日,由十堰市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、房縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、房縣農(nóng)機(jī)服務(wù)中心專業(yè)技術(shù)人員組成的技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì),來到房縣白鶴鎮(zhèn)付家畈村茶葉基地。農(nóng)技、農(nóng)機(jī)專家現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指導(dǎo)和推廣茶園夏季機(jī)采代剪技藝和先進(jìn)機(jī)械。
 
  現(xiàn)場(chǎng),幾臺(tái)采茶機(jī)正在忙碌作業(yè)中,機(jī)采茶大幅提升了采茶效率,能將整個(gè)茶園的粗茶在3到5天的宜采黃金期內(nèi)全部采完,使原本被修剪掉的粗茶“變廢為寶”。據(jù)茶園負(fù)責(zé)人介紹:機(jī)采粗茶頻率為一年三次,每次可采2500斤左右,每畝茶園直接增收3000元。
 
  近幾年,機(jī)采茶已陸續(xù)在全國各地推廣應(yīng)用開來,但因?yàn)闄C(jī)械采茶對(duì)地形要求比較高,當(dāng)下發(fā)展機(jī)械采茶還存在難度。目前,我國已經(jīng)基本建成了適合平地茶園采茶的機(jī)械化作業(yè)技術(shù)與裝備體系。而我國大部分茶葉產(chǎn)區(qū)在山地、丘陵和陡坡地帶,地形復(fù)雜,茶園建設(shè)規(guī)格不標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這是致使采茶機(jī)械難以推廣普及的突出問題。
 
  目前,茶葉鮮葉采收,僅有往復(fù)切割式采茶機(jī)較廣泛地應(yīng)用于大宗茶生產(chǎn)中。我國名優(yōu)茶智能采茶機(jī)尚在起步階段,產(chǎn)業(yè)化尚需時(shí)日。
 
  隨著浙江理工大學(xué)、中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院茶葉研究所、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部南京農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化研究所等眾多科研力量的參與,在國家茶產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)研發(fā)體系、中國農(nóng)科院“智機(jī)”行動(dòng)計(jì)劃等科技項(xiàng)目支持下,智能采摘的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)難題將逐步得到突破。
 
  注:本文由農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)(m.balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:浙江省科技廳廳農(nóng)村處、浙江省科技宣傳教育中心、房縣新聞網(wǎng)、中華合作時(shí)報(bào)·茶周刊。
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