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農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:加大農(nóng)機補貼支持力度,將更多茶葉生產(chǎn)機具納入補貼范圍

2021-07-20 15:40:25 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:17442 評論

導(dǎo)讀:近年來,我國茶園管理機械化發(fā)展取得積極進展,在耕作、植保、修剪、施肥、除草、采收、茶葉初加工等各環(huán)節(jié),機械化程度穩(wěn)步提升,有力促進了茶葉產(chǎn)業(yè)節(jié)本增效和茶農(nóng)增收。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 近日,農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部網(wǎng)站發(fā)布對十三屆全國人大四次會議第2081號建議的答復(fù),針對代表提出的加大對茶葉采摘機械化及管理智能化的建議作出了回復(fù)。
 

 

  我國是全球最大的茶葉生產(chǎn)國、消費國。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部表示,國家高度重視茶葉生產(chǎn)機械化發(fā)展,《國務(wù)院關(guān)于加快推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化和農(nóng)機裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級的指導(dǎo)意見》(國發(fā)〔2018〕42號)明確提出,加快果菜茶產(chǎn)業(yè)農(nóng)機裝備和技術(shù)發(fā)展,推進農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)全面機械化。《農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部關(guān)于加快推進農(nóng)業(yè)機械化轉(zhuǎn)型升級的通知》(農(nóng)機發(fā)〔2019〕4號)強調(diào),要制定完善茶園建設(shè)及改造的“宜機化”標(biāo)準(zhǔn),推進標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)、機械化作業(yè)。近年來,我國茶園管理機械化發(fā)展取得積極進展,在耕作、植保、修剪、施肥、除草、采收、茶葉初加工等各環(huán)節(jié),機械化程度穩(wěn)步提升,有力促進了茶葉產(chǎn)業(yè)節(jié)本增效和茶農(nóng)增收。
 
  一是加強研發(fā)攻關(guān)。通過國家重點研發(fā)計劃“智能農(nóng)機裝備”“主要經(jīng)濟作物優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)與產(chǎn)業(yè)提質(zhì)增效科技創(chuàng)新”等專項,開展了“茶葉收獲技術(shù)與裝備研發(fā)”“茶樹生態(tài)經(jīng)濟型品種篩選及配套栽培技術(shù)”“茶葉精制智能化技術(shù)裝備研發(fā)”等課題研究,重點突破了機采鮮葉分級、自走式采摘以及基于品質(zhì)評價的茶葉殺青、提香、揉捻、整形等智能化加工技術(shù),研制了手持式電動采茶機、大宗茶小型自走式采茶機、茶葉精制加工成套裝備等機具,形成了茶葉適度規(guī)模生產(chǎn)全程機械化模式和技術(shù)裝備體系。組織發(fā)布了茶葉機械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)裝備需求目錄,梳理提出了茶葉機械化生產(chǎn)中存在的茶園一體化自走式施肥機、坡地茶園中耕機、名優(yōu)茶采茶機等8個機具裝備短板,進一步引導(dǎo)新產(chǎn)品研發(fā)方向,促進了產(chǎn)需對接。
 
  二是加強示范推廣。舉辦全國茶葉全程機械化生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場觀摩會,集中展示推廣一批茶園管理、茶葉采摘、初加工、精制等智能、高效茶葉生產(chǎn)機具裝備。組織引導(dǎo)地方農(nóng)機推廣機構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營主體、科研院所和農(nóng)業(yè)社會化服務(wù)組織開展茶園管理機械化試驗示范和技術(shù)培訓(xùn),優(yōu)化形成適宜當(dāng)?shù)氐牟鑸@全程機械化管理技術(shù)路線。2018年、2019年連續(xù)兩年將“茶園全程機械化管理技術(shù)”作為農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村領(lǐng)域主推技術(shù)加快推廣應(yīng)用,組織專家制作編印《茶園機械化作業(yè)技術(shù)與裝備》《茶葉綠色生產(chǎn)模式及配套技術(shù)》《茶葉生產(chǎn)機械化技術(shù)與應(yīng)用》等科普視頻和技術(shù)手冊,提出了茶樹品種、種植制度、經(jīng)營規(guī)模、技術(shù)模式、機具裝備等要素集成配套的全程機械化解決方案。
 
  三是加強政策扶持。今年4月,印發(fā)《2021—2023年農(nóng)機購置補貼實施指導(dǎo)意見》,將茶葉生產(chǎn)涉及的整地、植保、中耕、施肥等通用機械和采茶機、茶樹修剪機、茶葉殺青機、茶葉捻揉機、茶葉炒(烘)干機、茶葉輸送機等10種茶葉生產(chǎn)專用機具納入全國農(nóng)機購置補貼機具范圍,有需求的省份均可對其實行敞開補貼、應(yīng)補盡補。采茶機、茶葉殺青機、揉捻機等專用機具保有量逐年提高,截至2020年底,我國采茶機保有量達到22.5萬臺,茶葉加工機械保有量達到154.3萬臺(套),切實推動了茶葉生產(chǎn)機械化水平提升。
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部表示,下一步將繼續(xù)加大茶葉生產(chǎn)專用機具研發(fā)和示范推廣,提高茶葉生產(chǎn)機械化水平,為茶產(chǎn)業(yè)健康快速發(fā)展提供強有力的技術(shù)裝備支撐。
 
  一是繼續(xù)開展茶葉生產(chǎn)相關(guān)機具裝備的研發(fā)攻關(guān)。繼續(xù)推動在“十四五”國家重點研發(fā)計劃中針對茶葉機械化生產(chǎn)薄弱環(huán)節(jié)尤其是茶葉采摘環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)立科研課題,重點解決大宗茶智能化程度低、名優(yōu)茶機械化收獲難等問題,有效提升茶葉采收作業(yè)質(zhì)量和茶園管理智能化水平。
 
  二是加大茶葉生產(chǎn)全程機械化技術(shù)裝備示范推廣力度,建設(shè)茶葉全程機械化科研基地,繼續(xù)指導(dǎo)地方舉辦系列現(xiàn)場觀摩、機具演示等活動,遴選推介一批智能化、綠色化、高效化茶葉生產(chǎn)機具裝備,形成適合不同地域的茶葉生產(chǎn)全程機械化解決方案。
 
  三是繼續(xù)加大農(nóng)機購置補貼政策支持力度,暢通機具鑒定渠道,推動將更多的茶葉生產(chǎn)專用機具納入農(nóng)機購置補貼范圍,并指導(dǎo)地方將產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展急需的創(chuàng)新型機具優(yōu)先納入農(nóng)機新產(chǎn)品補貼試點。
 
  本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)(m.balpclean.com)整理發(fā)布,資料來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部網(wǎng)站。
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