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保障糧食安全,從土地源頭把控耕地質量

2019-11-26 15:04:53 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:29973 評論

導讀:保障糧食安全,關鍵是要保障糧食生產(chǎn)能力。而高標準農(nóng)田建設,不僅能夠新增糧食產(chǎn)能,而且能夠提升農(nóng)田的抗災能力。據(jù)測算,到2022年全國建成高標準農(nóng)田10億畝,以此可以穩(wěn)定保障糧食產(chǎn)能在1萬億斤以上,約占我國糧食總產(chǎn)量的80%,在保障國家糧食安全方面將起到基礎支撐作用。

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關注】保障糧食安全,關鍵是要保障糧食生產(chǎn)能力。而高標準農(nóng)田建設,不僅能夠新增糧食產(chǎn)能,而且能夠提升農(nóng)田的抗災能力。據(jù)測算,到2022年全國建成高標準農(nóng)田10億畝,以此可以穩(wěn)定保障糧食產(chǎn)能在1萬億斤以上,約占我國糧食總產(chǎn)量的80%,在保障國家糧食安全方面將起到基礎支撐作用。
 
  事實上,不僅僅是高標準農(nóng)田建設這一重要舉措實施,我國一直以來便高度重視耕地質量調(diào)查監(jiān)測和評價工作,在2017年就成立了農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部耕地質量監(jiān)測保護中心,履行耕地質量調(diào)查、監(jiān)測、評價、建設和保護等職責職能,大力開展耕地質量的保護與提升。
 
  重視耕地質量調(diào)查監(jiān)測與評價體系建設
 
  2016年,先后頒布實施《耕地質量調(diào)查監(jiān)測與評價辦法》(農(nóng)業(yè)部2016年第2號令)(以下簡稱《辦法》)和《耕地質量等級》(GB/T 33469-2016)國家標準。全面推進耕地質量調(diào)查、監(jiān)測與評價制度建設,掌握我國耕地質量狀況和變化趨勢,助力“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”戰(zhàn)略,促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展?!陡刭|量調(diào)查監(jiān)測與評價辦法》提出了耕地質量調(diào)查、監(jiān)測、評價與信息發(fā)布等制度。
 
  耕地質量調(diào)查制度:包括耕地質量普查、專項調(diào)查與應急調(diào)查等3類調(diào)查。
 
  耕地質量監(jiān)測制度:以農(nóng)業(yè)部耕地質量監(jiān)測機構和地方耕地質量監(jiān)測機構為主體,以相關科研教學單位的耕地質量監(jiān)測站(點)為補充,構建覆蓋面廣、代表性強、功能完備的國家耕地質量監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡,對耕地土壤理化性狀、養(yǎng)分狀況等質量變化情況開展動態(tài)監(jiān)測。
 
  耕地質量評價制度:包括耕地質量等級評價、耕地質量監(jiān)測評價、特定區(qū)域耕地質量評價、耕地質量特定指標評價、新增耕地質量評價和耕地質量應急調(diào)查評價等6類。
 
  耕地質量信息發(fā)布制度:農(nóng)業(yè)部和省級人民政府農(nóng)業(yè)主管部門每5年發(fā)布一次全國耕地質量等級信息和省級行政區(qū)域耕地質量等級信息,定期發(fā)布年度耕地質量監(jiān)測報告。
 
  開展耕地質量監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡建設
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部會同生態(tài)環(huán)境部印發(fā)《國家土壤環(huán)境監(jiān)測網(wǎng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)地土壤環(huán)境監(jiān)測工作方案(試行)》,按照互補不重復、科學經(jīng)濟、動態(tài)調(diào)整的原則,整合優(yōu)化相關行業(yè)土壤環(huán)境監(jiān)測點位,統(tǒng)一規(guī)范、統(tǒng)一標準和統(tǒng)一信息發(fā)布,構建和運行國家土壤環(huán)境監(jiān)測網(wǎng),開展全國耕地質量調(diào)查監(jiān)測和評價工作。
 
  目前,全國各級農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部門已建立耕地質量長期定位監(jiān)測點1052個、省級監(jiān)測點3000多個、地級監(jiān)測點2000多個、縣級監(jiān)測點9000多個,初步形成了國家、省、市、縣四級耕地質量監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡。
 
  定期發(fā)布耕地質量監(jiān)測報告,為各級政府制定耕地質量保護政策提供了重要的技術支撐。同時,將耕地輪作休耕制度試點區(qū)域作為耕地質量監(jiān)測的重點,科學設置監(jiān)測站(點),跟蹤耕地質量變化,為評價耕地輪作休耕效果提供科學依據(jù)。
 
  建立全國耕地質量監(jiān)測評價信息發(fā)布制度
 
  在縣級層面,組織完成全國所有農(nóng)業(yè)縣(場)(2498個)耕地質量評價工作,共采集土壤樣品370多萬個,繪制各類專題圖件2萬余幅,評價成果在指導縣級農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。
 
  在省級與區(qū)域層面,全面啟動重點農(nóng)區(qū)的耕地質量區(qū)域匯總評價工作。2017年起開展了新一輪耕地質量區(qū)域評價工作,推動評價成果在跨省大區(qū)尺度的應用。
 
  在國家層面,2014年以農(nóng)業(yè)部公報的形式對外發(fā)布全國耕地質量等級情況。根據(jù)《辦法》要求,每5年發(fā)布一次全國和省級行政區(qū)域耕地質量等級信息。同時,依據(jù)耕地質量長期定位監(jiān)測點監(jiān)測結果,每年發(fā)布《國家耕地質量長期定位監(jiān)測報告》,對全國耕地質量進行動態(tài)監(jiān)管。
 
  加強耕地質量建設與保護提升
 
  農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部會同有關部門,加快實施“藏糧于地、藏糧于技”戰(zhàn)略,采取有力措施加強耕地地力提升。通過組織實施《高標準農(nóng)田建設總體規(guī)劃》《耕地質量保護與提升行動方案》《東北黑土地保護規(guī)劃綱要(2017—2030年)》等,推廣耕地地力培肥等成套技術模式,加快建設集中連片、旱澇保收、高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、生態(tài)友好的高標準農(nóng)田。
 
  11月25日,舉行了政策例行吹風會,介紹了《國務院辦公廳關于切實加強高標準農(nóng)田建設提升國家糧食安全保障能力的意見》有關情況,并答記者問?!兑庖姟诽岢龅?022年,全國要建成10億畝高標準農(nóng)田,以此穩(wěn)定保障1萬億斤以上的糧食產(chǎn)能;到2035年,通過持續(xù)改造提升,全國高標準農(nóng)田保有量進一步提高。
 
  開展退化耕地綜合治理、耕地地力保護提升、污染耕地阻控修復、投入品和廢棄物安全性監(jiān)測評價等。分區(qū)域、分品種開展安全利用與種植結構調(diào)整,在湖南省長株潭地區(qū)270萬畝耕地實施重金屬污染修復及農(nóng)作物種植結構調(diào)整試點,積極構建以品種替代、水肥調(diào)控、土壤調(diào)理等農(nóng)藝措施為主的受污染耕地安全利用技術體系,為保護提升我國耕地生產(chǎn)能力,推進農(nóng)業(yè)供給側結構性改革和推動農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展加強生態(tài)文明建設提供重要保障。
 
  本文由農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布,部分資料來源:農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部,如有侵權或異議請聯(lián)系我們。
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