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關(guān)注:豬肉價格持續(xù)上漲背后的真相

2019-09-05 17:38:20 來源:農(nóng)機網(wǎng)原創(chuàng) 作者:林言 閱讀量:41297 評論

導(dǎo)讀: 俗話說“民以食為天”,近期大家在飯桌上討論多的恐怕就是豬肉了。近一段時間以來,全國的豬肉價格上漲嚴(yán)重,眾多網(wǎng)友調(diào)侃“豬肉貴到吃不起了”、“二師兄的肉比師傅的還要貴”……

  【農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 熱點關(guān)注】 俗話說“民以食為天”,近期大家在飯桌上討論多的恐怕就是豬肉了。近一段時間以來,全國的豬肉價格上漲嚴(yán)重,眾多網(wǎng)友調(diào)侃“豬肉貴到吃不起了”、“二師兄的肉比師傅的還要貴”……
 
  今年3月份開始,我國豬肉價格持續(xù)上漲,7月份以來漲幅擴大。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,白條豬價格已經(jīng)連續(xù)13周上漲,從6月初的每公斤不到20元,一路走高,上周突破了30元,達到每公斤31.08元,而這個價格和去年同期相比漲幅超過了65%。在我國,豬肉消費大約占到國民肉類總消費的60%。豬肉價格的持續(xù)上漲,引起了社會各界的廣泛關(guān)注。

  那么,到底是什么原因引起的豬肉價格迅猛上漲呢?
 
  首先,非洲豬瘟是很重要的一個原因。去年8月3日,遼寧沈陽發(fā)生我國首起非洲豬瘟疫情以來,一年多時間疫情就席卷了全國31個省(市、區(qū))。非洲豬瘟雖然對人類無害,但對豬卻是致命的疾病,受疫情影響,養(yǎng)殖戶補欄積極性嚴(yán)重下降,導(dǎo)致了存欄量的下降。生豬供應(yīng)減少了,但豬肉需求卻沒變,這是導(dǎo)致豬肉價格上漲的主要原因之一。據(jù)悉,目前中國25個省區(qū)的豬瘟疫區(qū)已經(jīng)全部解除封鎖。疫情雖得到控制,但疫情的大后遺癥——肉價上漲,短時間內(nèi)恐怕無法平息。
 
  除非洲豬瘟之外,還有一些周期性因素(即“豬周期”)的影響導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)在供求偏緊的形勢。
 
  豬周期是一種經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象,指“價高傷民,價賤傷農(nóng)”的周期性豬肉價格變化怪圈。“豬周期”的循環(huán)軌跡一般是:肉價高——母豬存欄量大增——生豬供應(yīng)增加——肉價下跌——大量淘汰母豬——生豬供應(yīng)減少——肉價上漲。豬肉價格高刺激農(nóng)民積極性造成供給增加,供給增加造成肉價下跌,肉價下跌到很低打擊了農(nóng)民積極性造成供給短缺,供給短缺又使得肉價上漲,周而復(fù)始,這就形成了所謂的“豬周期”。就算沒有非洲豬瘟,我們每隔一段時間也是要經(jīng)歷一次豬肉漲價的。
 
  今年豬肉價格持續(xù)上漲以來,從中央到地方各部門非常關(guān)注肉價的上漲,出臺了一系列措施來穩(wěn)價格。8月30日,中共中央政治局委員、國務(wù)院副總理胡春華在全國穩(wěn)定生豬生產(chǎn)保障市場供應(yīng)電視電話會議上強調(diào),要迅速采取有力措施穩(wěn)定恢復(fù)生豬生產(chǎn),確保豬肉供應(yīng)和市場價格基本穩(wěn)定。發(fā)改委、商務(wù)部、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部等部門也相繼密集出臺政策,從生產(chǎn)、流通、消費等各個方面采取辦法,穩(wěn)定豬肉價格,落實相關(guān)補貼政策,支持生豬補欄增養(yǎng),并將適時投放中央儲備豬肉和牛羊肉。
 
  9月3日,財政部辦公廳、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部辦公廳聯(lián)合下發(fā)《關(guān)于支持做好穩(wěn)定生豬生產(chǎn)保障市場供應(yīng)有關(guān)工作的通知》,2019年中央財政適當(dāng)增加生豬調(diào)出大縣獎勵資金規(guī)模,調(diào)動地方盡快將增產(chǎn)潛力轉(zhuǎn)化為實際生產(chǎn)能力。在非洲豬瘟強制撲殺補助政策上,將由現(xiàn)行按年度結(jié)算調(diào)整為每半年結(jié)算發(fā)放一次,縣市要在3個月內(nèi)將補助資金給付到位,切實減輕養(yǎng)殖場(戶)墊資壓力。
 
  各項政策紛紛出臺,但見到效果還需要一段時間。和雞鴨等禽類相比,生豬的生長周期較長,從懷孕、育肥到出欄,大約需要13個月。所以雖然今年下半年開始,非洲豬瘟疫情已得到有效控制、生豬生產(chǎn)也在積極恢復(fù),但短時間內(nèi)豬肉價格很難恢復(fù)到正常水平。尤其是當(dāng)前馬上進入中秋和國慶的雙節(jié),正值豬肉消費的高峰,大家恐怕還要再吃一段時間的高價“豬肉”。
 
  那么,從長遠眼光看,如何才能保障豬肉供應(yīng)和價格的穩(wěn)定?農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟研究中心研究員姜楠認(rèn)為,從產(chǎn)業(yè)振興上來看,主要的還是要規(guī)?;蜆?biāo)準(zhǔn)化養(yǎng)殖。對于規(guī)模較大的養(yǎng)殖戶,要提倡建立養(yǎng)殖小區(qū),擴大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)?;潭龋欢鴮τ谝?guī)模較小的,可以發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化的家庭牧場,實現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,來維持穩(wěn)定的效益。姜楠還認(rèn)為要優(yōu)化生豬產(chǎn)業(yè)的布局。之前,生豬運輸,各省之間都是活體運輸。而現(xiàn)在,在大物流、大流通、全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)展的形勢下,可以從運豬轉(zhuǎn)向運肉,既能提升產(chǎn)業(yè)效率,也有利于疫病的防控。
 
  總之,畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)和種植業(yè)一樣,要穩(wěn)定、發(fā)展,實現(xiàn)規(guī)?;?biāo)準(zhǔn)化是必走之路。等我國生豬產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展到了一定程度,也就不懼非洲豬瘟這些“妖魔鬼怪”帶來的價格猛漲了,百姓也都能吃上品質(zhì)放心、價格適中的豬肉了。
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