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各地馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)全程機械化推廣應用顯成效
2018-07-25
13:51:35
來源:中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量:38632
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導讀:馬鈴薯作物具有高產(chǎn)、適應性強、營養(yǎng)豐富的特點,在我國種植業(yè)中占有重要的地位,尤其在部分貧困山區(qū),它成為主要的糧食和經(jīng)濟作物之一,是農(nóng)民致富增收的重要種植作物。早在2016年,農(nóng)業(yè)部發(fā)布的《關于推進馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)的指導意見》指出,馬鈴薯作為適應性廣的作物和市場潛力大的產(chǎn)品,是新一輪種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整特別是“鐮刀彎”地區(qū)玉米結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整理想的替代物之一。而近年來我國各地大力推廣馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)全程機械化技術(shù),并且也取
【中國農(nóng)機網(wǎng) 地方農(nóng)機】 馬鈴薯作物具有高產(chǎn)、適應性強、營養(yǎng)豐富的特點,在我國種植業(yè)中占有重要的地位,尤其在部分貧困山區(qū),它成為主要的糧食和經(jīng)濟作物之一,是農(nóng)民致富增收的重要種植作物。早在2016年,農(nóng)業(yè)部發(fā)布的《關于推進馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)開發(fā)的指導意見》指出,馬鈴薯作為適應性廣的作物和市場潛力大的產(chǎn)品,是新一輪種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整特別是“鐮刀彎”地區(qū)玉米結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整理想的替代物之一。而近年來我國各地大力推廣馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)全程機械化技術(shù),并且也取得了一定成績。
青海省湟中縣
馬鈴薯是青海省湟中縣的主導產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,年種植面積12萬畝。據(jù)了解,近幾年,全縣重點推廣馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)全程機械化技術(shù),大力示范推廣馬鈴薯機械播種、中耕(施肥施藥培土)、滅秧、收獲、殘膜回收等技術(shù)集成應用。同時,對作業(yè)機具性能區(qū)域適應性進行試驗和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新改造,探索出適宜本地區(qū)的馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)全程機械化技術(shù)應用模式。
湟中縣農(nóng)機管理站副站長施生炳介紹說,2017年,湟中縣承擔農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)全程機械化試驗示范項目,建立了全省馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)全程機械化示范基地,全縣馬鈴薯機械種植面積達到16.1萬畝,機械化播種、中耕、滅秧和收獲面積達到6.8萬畝,應用全程機械化技術(shù)每畝平均節(jié)本增效500元以上。
天津市薊州區(qū)
天津市薊州區(qū)出產(chǎn)的馬鈴薯質(zhì)量好,但因基本上靠人工種植、采收,人工成本較高,影響了農(nóng)戶們的種植積極性。為有效解決這個難題,薊州區(qū)農(nóng)機中心開展了馬鈴薯全程
種植機化試驗示范,獲得成功。
薊州區(qū)共建立核心示范點4個,建立科技示范戶13個,引進作業(yè)機具12臺,開展了馬鈴薯機械化播種、上土、殺秧、收獲示范作業(yè)。實際示范推廣面積3790畝,新增產(chǎn)量80萬公斤,新增效益103萬元。
云南省宣威市
近年來,云南宣威市大力推廣馬鈴薯全程機械化,今年種植大春馬鈴薯1.3萬畝。7月5日,寶山鎮(zhèn)得積村機聲隆隆,宣威市大春馬鈴薯機收在該村拉開序幕。馬鈴薯機收機播的推廣,大幅提高了生產(chǎn)效率,降低了生產(chǎn)成本。
近年來,宣威通過農(nóng)機與農(nóng)藝相結(jié)合,馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)的機械化技術(shù)覆蓋率大幅提高,為馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)節(jié)本增效提供了良好的技術(shù)支撐,全市農(nóng)作物耕種收綜合機械化率達48%。宣威市緊緊圍繞農(nóng)業(yè)增效、農(nóng)民增收、農(nóng)村增綠的目標,推進農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革,大力培育新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營主體,推進土地規(guī)模化流轉(zhuǎn),著力構(gòu)建規(guī)模化、標準化、全程機械化的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展新格局,宣威農(nóng)業(yè)邁上新臺階。
寧夏固原市
近年來,寧夏固原市農(nóng)機部門積極響應農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部加快馬鈴薯主糧化發(fā)展,每年穩(wěn)定種植面積達180萬畝左右,通過農(nóng)機科技示范園區(qū)建設不斷宣傳示范新技術(shù)新機械,從2008年以來累計建設示范園區(qū)105個。根據(jù)不同區(qū)域特點引進開發(fā)新技術(shù)新機械不斷試驗優(yōu)選技術(shù)模式,篩選先進機型。在全市推廣應用的有干旱山區(qū)平作、河谷川道區(qū)單行壟作和單壟雙行三種機械化種植模式,可推廣應用的耕整、種植、植保和收獲馬鈴薯全程生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)先進機型10余類,2017年馬鈴薯耕種收綜合機械化水平達到了77.31%。
受氣候條件影響,全市馬鈴薯覆膜種植技術(shù)試驗示范工作蓬勃興起,引進起壟覆膜施肥種植馬鈴薯機具,試驗示范馬鈴薯覆膜覆土不放苗技術(shù)。截止目前完成馬鈴薯種植面積137.4萬畝,其中機械播種面積110.1萬畝,覆膜播種面積29.8萬畝,投入各類
播種機具4542臺,其中覆膜播種機202臺,參與的農(nóng)機合作組織67個,組織提供馬鈴薯耕整地,施肥和
播種機械化作業(yè)社會化服務。
結(jié)語
馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)機械化,對保障糧食安全、促進農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)發(fā)展、優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)增效、農(nóng)民增收、滿足市場需求等,意義十分重大。此外,馬鈴薯全程機械化生產(chǎn)不僅可以大幅度減輕勞動強度,有效爭搶農(nóng)時,抵御自然災害的影響,而且可以確保農(nóng)業(yè)措施到位,節(jié)種減損,提高馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量,達到節(jié)本增效的目的;推進馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)機械化,有利于增強馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)的技術(shù)手段,調(diào)動農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性,同時可以大幅度提高馬鈴薯的勞動生產(chǎn)率、土地產(chǎn)出率和資源利用率,促進馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
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