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小滿已至，麥粒漸滿 灌溉防汛，缺一不可

2018-05-21 16:32:01 來(lái)源：中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布 閱讀量：24969 評(píng)論

導(dǎo)讀：“四月中，小滿者，物至于此小得盈滿?！?月21日前后正是小滿，隸屬夏季的第二個(gè)節(jié)氣，也是夏季節(jié)氣中升溫速度快的一個(gè)。

　　【中國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)網(wǎng) 市場(chǎng)行情】“四月中，小滿者，物至于此小得盈滿。”5月21日前后正是小滿，隸屬夏季的第二個(gè)節(jié)氣，也是夏季節(jié)氣中升溫速度快的一個(gè)。
 
　　夏熟作物的籽粒開始灌漿飽滿，但還未成熟，只是小滿，還未大滿。每年5月20日到22日之間視太陽(yáng)到達(dá)黃徑60°時(shí)為小滿。這時(shí)中國(guó)北方早稻開始結(jié)穗，在禾稻上始見小粒的谷實(shí)的，南方進(jìn)入夏收夏種季節(jié)。
 
　　小滿的含義
 
　　小滿之名，其實(shí)有兩層含義：
 
　　是與農(nóng)候相關(guān)。“小滿，四月中，謂麥之氣至此方小滿，因未熟也。”指的就是北方麥粒的飽滿程度，四月中旬，全國(guó)北方地區(qū)麥類等夏熟作物籽粒已開始飽滿，但還沒有成熟，約相當(dāng)乳熟后期，所以叫小滿。這個(gè)時(shí)候雖然還是夏季，但是卻仿佛已然能夠看到秋季麥?zhǔn)諘r(shí)的情形。
 
　　第二則與降水相關(guān)。諺語(yǔ)說：“小滿大滿江河滿”，多用來(lái)把“滿”用來(lái)形容雨水的盈缺，而小滿時(shí)田里如果蓄不滿水，就可能造成田坎干裂，甚至芒種時(shí)也無(wú)法栽插水稻。在小滿節(jié)氣到芒種節(jié)氣期間，南方的暴雨普遍開始增多，降水頻繁。
 
　　小滿時(shí)節(jié)的天氣狀況
 
　　預(yù)計(jì)，未來(lái)兩天，南方地區(qū)雨水再起，強(qiáng)降雨集中在西南等地，四川、重慶、湖北西南部、貴州北部等地有暴雨。而在冷空氣影響下，北方地區(qū)將出現(xiàn)降雨降溫天氣，華北、東北等地將迎來(lái)小到中雨，氣溫也將明顯下降。這個(gè)時(shí)候，全國(guó)普遍進(jìn)入雨季，作物生長(zhǎng)旺盛。
 
　　小滿時(shí)節(jié)，小麥作物即將收獲，中稻全面栽插，農(nóng)事繁忙，農(nóng)民們晴天搶收，雨天搶栽。這個(gè)時(shí)候普遍降水較多，如果此時(shí)北方冷空氣可以深入到我國(guó)較南的地區(qū)，南方暖濕氣流也強(qiáng)盛的話，那么就很容易在華南一帶造成暴雨或特大暴雨，要做好防汛工作；但同時(shí)還是要注意小滿時(shí)節(jié)也同樣容易出現(xiàn)干旱天氣，做好灌溉工作也至關(guān)重要；在北方還要注意可能出現(xiàn)的陰雨天氣影響小麥?zhǔn)斋@以及氣溫升高造成的干熱風(fēng)襲擊，干熱風(fēng)對(duì)開花到乳熟期間的小麥危害極大。
 
　　節(jié)氣農(nóng)事忙
 
　　在小麥產(chǎn)區(qū)，此時(shí)宜抓緊麥田蟲害的防治，預(yù)防干熱風(fēng)和突如其來(lái)的雷雨大風(fēng)、冰雹的襲擊。營(yíng)造防護(hù)林帶、噴灑化學(xué)藥物等都是預(yù)防干熱風(fēng)十分有效的措施，此外，提前施氮肥，灌漿時(shí)控制使用氮肥，基肥里增加磷肥，都有利于小麥灌漿，對(duì)防御干熱風(fēng)有一定作用。
 
　　對(duì)于水稻產(chǎn)區(qū)而言，“蓄水如蓄糧”，因此灌溉防汛工作成為了這個(gè)時(shí)候的重要事項(xiàng)。而為了抗御干旱，改進(jìn)耕作栽培措施、加快植樹造林，還應(yīng)當(dāng)注意抓好頭年的蓄水保水工作。另外，也要注意可能出現(xiàn)的連續(xù)陰雨天氣，對(duì)小春作物收曬的影響。
 
　　對(duì)于蔬菜，要繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)大棚作物培育管理，注意通風(fēng)換氣，特別是雨過天晴，及時(shí)揭膜，降低棚內(nèi)溫濕度。同時(shí)，注意加強(qiáng)病蟲防治，做好露地蔬菜瓜果的培育管理，及時(shí)追肥，中耕除草，防病治蟲。
 
　　小結(jié)
 
　　“夜鶯啼綠柳，皓月醒長(zhǎng)空。愛壟頭麥，迎風(fēng)笑落紅。”小滿的到來(lái)，帶著將熟未熟的甜蜜，亦包含著對(duì)盈滿的期許。
 
　　另外，小編也在此提醒，盡量避免午后高溫時(shí)段的戶外作業(yè)；戶外或者高溫環(huán)境下的作業(yè)人員做好防護(hù)措施，注意做好防暑降溫工作。
 
　　此文由本網(wǎng)整理發(fā)布，部分資料來(lái)源：搜狗百科、中國(guó)氣象局，如有侵權(quán)或異議請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。

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