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土地該“留”還是該“流”？ 問問這些政策

2016-12-30 11:49:46 來源：中國農機網 閱讀量：28245 評論

導讀：從2015年底的中央農村工作會議開始，國家明確提出要對農村土地進行重大改革。2016中央一號文件出臺后，土地改革作為“三農”工作重點之一被提上日程。深化農村集體產權制度改革，穩(wěn)定農村土地承包關系，依法推進土地經營權有序流轉，對促進農村經濟發(fā)展具有重要意義。

　　【中國農機網 政策標準】從2015年底的中央農村工作會議開始，國家明確提出要對農村土地進行重大改革。2016中央一號文件出臺后，土地改革作為“三農”工作重點之一被提上日程。深化農村集體產權制度改革，穩(wěn)定農村土地承包關系，依法推進土地經營權有序流轉，對促進農村經濟發(fā)展具有重要意義。
 
　　土地改革是中國啟動經濟轉型、推動新型城鎮(zhèn)化，開啟新一輪制度紅利的中心環(huán)節(jié)和關鍵挑戰(zhàn)。2016年作為“十三五”的開局之年，土地改革正全方面推進，但仍有不少老百姓有諸多疑慮。今天筆者就有關土地改革相關政策作了整理，供大家參考。
 
　　《關于完善農村土地所有權承包權經營權分置辦法的意見》
 
　　今年10月，中辦、國辦印發(fā)了《關于完善農村土地所有權承包權經營權分置辦法的意見》。不斷探索農村土地集體所有制的有效實現形式，落實集體所有權，穩(wěn)定農戶承包權，放活土地經營權，充分發(fā)揮“三權”的各自功能和整體效用，形成層次分明、結構合理、平等保護的格局。
 
　　農業(yè)部部長韓長賦在新聞發(fā)布會上表示，農村土地“三權分置”改革后，農業(yè)補貼只會增加不會減少，基本原則是存量調整、增量傾斜。
 
　　《農村土地經營權流轉交易市場運行規(guī)范（試行）》
 
　　近年來，土地經營權流轉規(guī)模不斷擴大，每年新增流轉面積4000多萬畝，涉及數以百萬計的承包農戶。因此，建立健全安全、有序的土地經營權流轉交易市場，對維護廣大農民群眾和新型經營主體合法權益意義重大。6月29日，《農村土地經營權流轉交易市場運行規(guī)范(試行)》日前正式印發(fā)。
 
　　據了解，規(guī)范充分吸收了現有的土地經營權流轉市場交易規(guī)程，依照農村土地經營權流轉交易程序制定，主要遵循了“提出申請—進場交易—簽訂合同—配套服務”的順序。規(guī)范提出，交易主體是農村集體經濟組織、承包農戶、家庭農場、專業(yè)大戶、農民專業(yè)合作社、農業(yè)企業(yè)等各類農業(yè)經營主體，以及具備農業(yè)生產經營能力的其他組織或個人。
 
　　《全國土地利用總體規(guī)劃綱要（2006—2020年）調整方案》
 
　　6月22日，經國務院同意，國土資源部會同有關部門組織編制的《全國土地利用總體規(guī)劃綱要(2006—2020年)調整方案》(以下簡稱《調整方案》)印發(fā)實施，對全國及各省(區(qū)、市)耕地保有量、基本農田保護面積、建設用地總規(guī)模等指標進行調整，并對土地利用結構和布局進行優(yōu)化。調整后，到2020年，全國耕地保有量為18.65億畝以上，基本農田保護面積為15.46億畝以上，建設用地總規(guī)?？刂圃?071.93萬公頃(61079萬畝)之內。
 
　　《調整方案》要求，堅持嚴格的耕地保護制度和嚴格的節(jié)約用地制度。按照嚴守底線、調整結構、深化改革的思路，實施建設用地總量控制和減量化管理，嚴控增量，盤活存量，優(yōu)化結構，提升效率。
 
　　《農村集體經營性建設用地使用權抵押貸款管理暫行辦法》
 
　　5月13日，作為認真貫徹落實黨中央、國務院推進農村集體經營性建設用地入市改革試點工作的重要舉措，銀監(jiān)會、國土資源部聯合印發(fā)了《農村集體經營性建設用地使用權抵押貸款管理暫行辦法》。這一改革也成為了農村土地制度改革和金融領域改革試點工作的重要制度安排。
 
　　《辦法》共三十五條，涉及銀行業(yè)金融機構業(yè)務開展和土地管理的各個環(huán)節(jié)，從貸款的目的、依據和總體要求，貸款業(yè)務開展的范圍、貸款的全流程管理、貸款的風險保障機制、監(jiān)管部門的職責等多方面對集體經營性建設用地使用權抵押貸款業(yè)務進行了詳細的規(guī)定，主動適應了農村集體經營性建設用地與國有建設用地“同權同價”的改革要求。
 
　　《國土資源“十三五”規(guī)劃綱要》
 
　　國土資源部4月14日正式公布《國土資源“十三五”規(guī)劃綱要》?！毒V要》提出，審慎穩(wěn)妥推進農村土地制度改革。完善土地征收制度，縮小征收范圍，規(guī)范征收程序，公開征收信息，健全對被征地農民合理、規(guī)范、多元補償保障機制。
 
　　4月14-15日，國土資源部征地制度改革座談會在浙江杭州召開，國土資源部黨組成員、副部長王世元在會上強調，要堅持正確方向，大膽探索創(chuàng)新，抓住改革重大關鍵問題加快制度供給，扎實推進農村土地制度改革試點工作，促進形成可復制、能推廣、利修法的改革成果。
 
　　《扶持村級集體經濟發(fā)展試點的指導意見》
 
　　在2015年12月，財政部發(fā)布的《扶持村級集體經濟發(fā)展試點的指導意見》，其中提出2016年，中央財政將選擇13個省份開展試點。這說明，國家對土地流轉的鼓勵機制已經不于政策支持，而是政府將拿出補貼款鼓勵土地流轉了。
 
　　財政部對土地流轉放按照以畝為單位進行一次性補貼。地方財政局會按照每畝100元的標準補給土地擁有者(土地已確權)。也就是說，我有1000畝的土地，只要我流轉出去，就可以一次性獲得10萬元的補貼金。
 
　　結語：不斷出臺的政策給土地改革帶來強有力的支持。目前，各地通過堅持土地集體所有權，穩(wěn)定了農戶承包權，引導土地經營權有序流轉，發(fā)展農業(yè)適度規(guī)模經營，不僅提高了勞動生產率，同時還為發(fā)展農業(yè)機械化提供重要基礎，實現了農業(yè)增效、農民增收等多種效應。據統(tǒng)計，截至11月份，土地承包經營權確權登記頒證面積超過8億畝，全國家庭承包經營耕地流轉面積超過4.6億畝，這為即將到來的2017年土地改革工作帶來十足的信心。
 

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